Glyphoglossus

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Glyphoglossus
Glyphoglossus molossus

Glyphoglossus molossus

Systematics
without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
Family : Narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylidae)
Subfamily : Real narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylinae)
Genre : Glyphoglossus
Scientific name
Glyphoglossus
Günther , 1869

Glyphoglossus is a genus of frogs in the narrow-mouthed frog family. It was merged with the genus Caluella in 2015. All species of the genus are common in Southeast Asia.

description

The species of the genus Glyphoglossus reach a head-trunk length of 25 millimeters (females of Glyphoglossus minutus ) to 73 millimeters (females of Glyphoglossus brooksii ).

The pupils are vertical. The tongue is oval, with entire margins and freely liftable at the back. The palatal teeth are arranged in two transverse rows. In front of the throat there are two transverse folds of skin. The eardrum is invisible. The fingers are free. The toes are webbed together. The tips of the fingers and toes are not enlarged and have simple bony terminal phalanges. The precoracoid are weak and incompletely ossified. They lie on the strong coracoid . The omosternum is missing. The sternum is a small plate of cartilage. The transverse processes of the sacral vertebra are moderately widened.

Occurrence

The genus occurs in Southeast Asia. Half of the species are native to the different parts of Borneo . Glyphoglossus yunnanensis lives in southern China and northern Vietnam , Glyphoglossus volzi on Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula , Glyphoglossus minutus is only known from the type locality in the Malaysian state of Pahang . Glyphoglossus guttatus , formerly the type species of the genus Caluella , is common in southern Myanmar , Thailand and central Vietnam at altitudes between 400 and 1000 meters above sea level.

Way of life

The Glyphoglossus species are soil dwellers in the rainforests of Southeast Asia and often burrow into the soft soil or are difficult to spot under roots, leaf litter and stones.

Systematics

The genus Glyphoglossus was described by Albert Günther in the 1869 annual volume of the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1868. As a type of the genus, the first person to describe it was a specimen of Glyphoglossus molossus from Myanmar . Glyphoglossus molossus remained the only species in the genus Glyphoglossus until 2015 .

In 1872 Ferdinand Stoliczka described the genus Calluella . Stoliczka placed the Megalophrys guttulata, described by Blyth in 1856, into a new genus that was monotypical at that time . The type species Calluella guttulata and also the species Calluella yunnanensis described by George Albert Boulenger in 1919 were common, but the other species are rare and hardly represented in collections. This led to several synonyms . Thus Calluella brooksii in 1904 by Boulenger as Colpoglossus brooksii firstdescribed and Parker until 1934 Calluella asked. In 1905 van Kampen described Calluella volzi in the genus Dyscophina , this species was also reassigned by Parker in 1934. Barbour and Noble established the new genus Calliglutus in 1916 for their newly described species Calliglutus smithi , but this was transferred to the genus Calluella as Calluella smithi in 1966 .

The genus Calluella was first placed together with the genus Dyscophus from Madagascar in the subfamily Dyscophinae within the narrow-mouthed frogs, a separate subfamily, the Calluellinae, was established for them in 2005, but the genus was already revised in 2006 by Frost et al. assigned to the subfamily Microhylinae . Further molecular genetic studies confirmed this position and showed a close relationship with Glyphoglossus molossus and the genus Microhyla . Finally, molecular biology studies in 2015 found that Glyphoglossus molossus could always be genetically classified in the relationship of the genus Calluella , namely in the vicinity of Calluella guttulata and Calluella yunnanensis . The genus Calluella had to be viewed as paraphyletic and merged with Glyphoglossus . The older genus name Glyphoglossus was transferred to the eight Calluella species known until 2015 according to the priority rule .

species

The genus Calluella comprised eight species when it was merged with Glyphoglossus in 2015. Together with the type species Glyphoglossus molossus, this results in a total of nine species

As of October 14, 2015

In April 2014, another species, Calluella capsa , was described from the Malaysian state of Sarawak on Borneo , which is now listed under the name Glyphoglossus capsus .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Pedro LV Peloso, Darrel R. Frost, Stephen J. Richards, Miguel T. Rodrigues, Stephen Donnellan, Masafumi Matsui, Cristopher J. Raxworthy, SD Biju, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Alan R. Lemmon & Ward C. Wheeler: The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow-mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae). Cladistics, 3, 1-28, March 2015 doi : 10.1111 / cla.12118
  2. ↑ a b c d Indra Neil Das, Pui Yong Min, Wayne W. Hsu, Stefan T. Hertwig & Alexander Haas: Red Hot Chili Pepper. A New Calluella Stoliczka, 1872 (Lissamphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo). Zootaxa, 3785, 4, pp. 550-560, April 7, 2014
  3. ^ Fritz Nieden: Anura II . In: FE Schulze, W. Kükenthal, K. Heider (Ed.): Das Tierreich . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin and Leipzig 1926, p. 89.
  4. ↑ a b Darrel R. Frost: Glyphoglossus Günther, 1869 "1868" . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 6.0. The American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2015, accessed October 14, 2015
  5. ^ HW Parker: A monograph of the frogs of the family Microhylidae. British Museum (Natural History), London 1934
  6. ↑ L. Fei, C.-Y. Ye, J.-P. Jiang: A taxonomic study of the genus Calluella. In: L. Fei, C.-Y. Ye, Y.-Z. Huang, J.-P. Jiang, F. Xie (Ed.): An Illustrated Key to Chinese Amphibians. Pp. 271-278, Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology, Chonqing 2005
  7. ↑ Darrel R. Frost, Taran Grant, Julián Faivovich, Raoul H. Bain, Alexander Haas, Celio FB Haddad, Rafael O. de Sá, A. Channing, Mark Wilkinson, Stephen C. Donnellan, Christopher J. Raxworthy, Jonathan A. Campbell, Boris L. Blotto, Paul E. Moler, Robert C. Drewes, Ronald A. Nussbaum, John D. Lynch, David M. Green, and Ward C. Wheeler: The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, pp. 1-370, 2006 full text
  8. ^ RA Pyron & JJ Wiens: A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of advanced frogs, salamanders and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, pp. 543-583, 2012

literature

  • Albert CLG Günther: First account of species of tailless batrachians added to the collection of the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1868, pp. 478-490, London 1869, p. 483 (first description)
  • Fritz Nieden: Anura II . In: FE Schulze, W. Kükenthal, K. Heider (Ed.): Das Tierreich . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin and Leipzig 1926, p. 89
  • Ulrich Manthey and Wolfgang Grossmann: Amphibians & Reptiles of Southeast Asia. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster 1997 ISBN 978-3-931587-12-3

Web links

Commons : Calluella  - collection of images, videos and audio files