Electronic journal
An electronic magazine , also an e-journal , eJournal or online magazine , is a magazine that is digitally available to the reader in contrast to the printed form. Electronic journals were initially distributed on data carriers (such as on floppy disks stored diskmags ), today as online publications on the Internet . Electronic journals published on the Internet are offered either free of charge or for a fee on the websites of their commercial or non-commercial providers.
A number of magazines appear both in print and electronically, others only in electronic form (“e-only”). Electronic journals play an important role, especially in the field of scientific journals .
An essential feature of an electronic journal is that its articles are permanently accessible in full text . According to this definition, websites of printed journals that do not contain full text but only refer to the print edition are neither electronic journals, nor journals of which only the table of contents, abstracts or a preview are digitally available.
As with conventional journals, an electronic magazine also includes an editorial team (such as an online editorial office ), an editor (usually a publisher , e.g. an online publisher ) and authors .
history
As the first electronic version of a magazine, the Harvard Business Review appeared in a parallel electronic edition for the Bibliographic Information Services .
Among the German-speaking media, Schattenblick , which has been published since 1994, claims to have been the first electronic newspaper.
to form
Since many readers still prefer printed articles today, the majority of electronic journals are online versions of a printed edition. Pure online journals are much rarer, in the area of scientific journals they make up around 10 to 15 percent. However, a significant increase has recently been noticed in special areas (e.g. reviews ). Due to the elimination of printing and distribution costs, electronic journals can theoretically be made available free of charge if the people involved in their creation are paid from other sources or work without payment.
In contrast to printed magazines, commercial electronic magazines can usually not be purchased, but a right of use can only be acquired through a license agreement . Due to the rising journal prices, many close libraries to consortia together, negotiating with publishers consortium agreements. Well-known scientific magazine publishers that are active in this area include Springer-Verlag and Elsevier .
New publication models
Due to the new possibilities of the online medium and the price policy of the publishers (the so-called magazine crisis ), new forms of publication have emerged. Among other things, all published articles are required to be released after a certain period of time up to and including the complete abolition of publishers as intermediaries between author and reader. The Open Access movement (see, for example, Budapest Open Access Initiative , Berlin Declaration ) demands that journal literature be accessible by means of self-archiving and the establishment of new, free e-journals. Self-archiving means: Scientists make their articles available online on eprint servers before (“ preprint ”) or after (“ postprint ”) a journal publication. Different business models are trying out answers to the open question of how the administrative costs of creating a magazine should be distributed.
See also
- Electronic media , Electronic publication , Electronic newspaper
- Online journalism
- Web-first principle
literature
- Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek, Joshua Jia: Electronic Journals, Prestige, and the Economics of Academic Journal Publishing . In: CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture , Volume 16, No. 1, 2014, ISSN 1481-4374 ( abstract ).
Web links
- The Electronic Journals Library ( http://ezb.uni-regensburg.de/ ) is a cooperative service of more than 330 libraries with the aim of offering their users easy and convenient access to electronic scientific journals.
- The journal database ( http://www.zdb-katalog.de/ ) lists both printed journals and electronic journals.
- The Directory of Open Access Journals ( http://www.doaj.org/ ) lists electronic journals that are freely accessible (see also Open Access ).
- Alice Keller: Electronic journals: developments in the various branches of science. In: zeitenblicke.de No. 2, 2003.
- Peter Helmberger: Historical reviews on the Internet. Development - Problems - Opportunities. In: zeitenblicke.de No. 2, 2003.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Schattenblick - an electronic newspaper , self-presentation