Electronic newspaper

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An electronic newspaper or e-newspaper (English e-newspaper , e-paper [ɪ-ˈpeɪpɚ] , ePaper ) is the electronic version of a print medium that can be transmitted by remote data transmission and displayed on a screen .

history

The first electronic newspaper was the Columbus Dispatch ; it was launched as an experiment in July 1980 via the CompuServe online service and cost the then 3000 readers scattered across the USA and Canada $ 5 an hour. A little later, 13 other newspapers regularly posted their content there.

The first daily newspaper in the world to provide a daily e-paper offer was the Rhein-Zeitung in 2001. In the meantime, almost all magazines and newspapers also offer an e-paper edition of the printed version on the Internet. In the meantime, there was the free NEWSMAX offer, a PDF newspaper delivered by email on weekdays. This offer has since been discontinued.

Technology and dissemination

The internet- based output of a daily newspaper on the screen is usually designed as an interactive graphic with the appearance of the original daily newspaper in conjunction with technologies such as JavaScript and Cascading Style Sheets . Each individual article can then be selected and read in a separate, identical or a pop-up window as a larger graphic or text version that is independent of other articles.

This internet version of a daily newspaper can often be found as an encrypted PDF file. The encryption with a digital rights management (English Digital Rights Management , DRM) causes some items, especially copied from an archive, not easily can be printed and disseminated. The PDF file can only be read on the screen in the PDF viewer. As a rule, Adobe's rights management and their free Adobe Reader program are used.

Currently, digital newspapers and magazines are mainly offered as e-papers and as apps for various - especially mobile - operating systems. E-papers usually offer online access to an interactive 1: 1 image of the printed newspaper or magazine on the Internet, which can also be downloaded as a PDF and read offline. These properties are also the basis for considering e-paper copies in the IVW- checked edition.

Due to the increasing spread of mobile reading devices (smartphones, tablet PC), app-based offers are currently a strong trend. An app offers online access to a website of the newspaper that is optimized for mobile access, which is usually also responsive, i.e. the display of the content dynamically adapts to the display size of the reader used. Apps do not offer a 1: 1 representation of their printed counterparts, their use is therefore registered by the IVW as mobile access to the Internet offer of a newspaper / magazine, but is not considered a circulation. Increasing app use can therefore have a negative effect on the circulation and thus on the model of co-financing newspapers and magazines through advertisements, because the highest possible circulation is required for the sale of advertisements or to achieve high prices.

With the help of special newspaper printers and newspaper kiosks, the electronic newspaper can also be issued as a paper version, sometimes even in the original format. A system for daily newspaper printing of international newspapers is, for example, that of " Satellite Newspapers ", which is used particularly in hotels, newspaper shops and at airports, since the usual central printing with subsequent distribution is no longer necessary.

E-papers in public libraries

Since 2007, users of public libraries have been able to access PDF editions of selected e-papers (daily and weekly newspapers and magazines) via the online library . There are also other services such as PressDisplay / PressReader via the Munzinger archive . Procurement takes place through consortia to which the libraries come together. These offers supplement access to press archives such as Genios , which also make older full texts accessible.

E-paper as on-board copies

In January 2016 it became known that Lufthansa wanted to abolish the on- board copies . The passengers were given access to e-paper issues instead, it said in the taz . Printed newspapers are only available on the ground at Berlin, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich and Stuttgart airports, and also in Business and First Class. The airline said it would respond to the changed habits of its customers.

See also

literature

  • Karla, J. (2006): Electronic Newspaper - Adaptation of the value creation activities of newspaper publishers when a newspaper is launched on electronic paper. Eul Verlag, Lohmar, 2006. Electronic newspaper
  • Mallik, Stephan (2008): Concepts and potentials of individualized media products using the example of the newspaper on electronic paper. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ New York Times, July 7, 1980, p. 17
  2. ↑ Kai Schöneberg: Lufthansa cancels its newspaper subscriptions. taz, January 15, 2016, accessed January 26, 2016 .