ECE homologation

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The ECE homologation (from Economic Commission for Europe ECE) is a supranational system for the approval of motor vehicles and vehicle parts.

ECE and EC approval

The ECE and EC type approval systems are based on the principle of reciprocity. All signatory states of the ECE agreement of 1958, which serves as the basis of the ECE rules, are authorized to register a vehicle or a part. All other signatory states - if they have recognized the respective rule - are obliged to recognize the granted approval as well. A front light that has been approved by the approval authority of Italy and marked with E3 can be used legally anywhere in Europe and in all other countries that recognize the ECE regulations for front lights. In this case, national approvals are no longer necessary. In Germany this is regulated by § 21a StVZO .

While the EC system is limited to Europe, the ECE regulations have provided since 1997 that non-European countries can also join the agreement. Although only a limited number of states joined the agreement of 1958 (for a current list, see ECE regulations ), vehicles and parts manufactured according to ECE regulations are usually registered without change in most countries of the world. In a few cases, additional national approvals are necessary because the ECE type approval is not recognized in these countries, although the national standards are largely based on the ECE regulations. This is the case in India and China, for example. The Chinese CCC approval is largely a reflection of the ECE, but must be obtained separately. The most serious exception is the United States of America, which does not recognize any ECE regulation and has a completely different system of vehicle and parts approval ( Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards / FMVSS). It is currently not possible to build a vehicle that meets both the ECE and FMVSS standards. Many manufacturers produce vehicles in three basic versions: left-hand drive , right-hand drive and US version.

See also: ECE test mark

List of non-European countries

The following non-European countries partially recognize vehicles and parts built according to ECE regulations - some with, some without further national type approval:

  • Argentina
  • Australia
  • Bahrain
  • Brazil
  • Chile
  • Israel
  • Japan (currently recognizes 37 ECE regulations)
  • Canada (only recognizes ECE regulations for headlights and bumpers)
  • Mexico
  • New Zealand
  • Russian Federation
  • South Korea
  • Tunisia
  • Ukraine
  • United Arab Emirates
  • Malaysia
  • Thailand

National permits

National approvals are also still possible in the ECE signatory states. The permits can be obtained with the help of the technical monitoring associations.

Germany

General operating permit

The general operating permit (ABE) is issued in Germany for parts that are not subject to any ECE regulation, but for which a type approval is required under German law. Brake discs are an example of this . Parts with ABE can be installed on the vehicle type approved in the ABE without subsequent testing. The ABE papers must always be carried with you. If a change acceptance is required in the ABE, this must be carried out immediately. As of April 29, 2009, the ABE will be replaced by the European Type Approval (ETG), which will then be valid throughout the European Economic Area.

Individual operating permit

The individual operating permit is used to legalize individually manufactured vehicles, vehicles that have been produced in small series, structural changes to the vehicle, vehicles that have been imported from abroad without an ECE / EG type approval, and for vehicles for special purposes with modifications.

Parts certificate

The parts certificate is a national procedure with which parts that require approval can be legalized without ECE or ABE. Part certificates are issued by technical services or by test centers that have to be accredited or recognized by the KBA for the respective scope of testing. After the part has been installed, an approval by a test center (TÜV, Dekra, GTÜ, KÜS, ...) and then a change entry according to the specifications of the parts certificate by the responsible road traffic authority is required in order to really drive the part in question legally.

Japan: TRIAS

TRIAS is the Japanese version of the ECE homologation. TRIAS registered vehicles also have a kind of general operating permit within the EU. However, this is only valid if the vehicle complies with the EURO emissions standard valid for the year of construction of the vehicle. Vehicles that are registered in Europe under the TRIAS are mostly intended for export to Japan.

China: CCC

CCC is the Chinese version of homologation. In December 2001 the Chinese government issued the regulation on compulsory product certification (Compulsory Product Certification), which is based on ISO / IEC Guide 67 and which is broadly similar to the ABE. "CCC" stands for " China Compulsory Certification ". The implementing authority is the Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People's Republic of China (CNCA). Type tests and manufacturer audits are carried out by certification organizations such as "CAQC" ("CATARC Automotive Quality Control"), "CQC" ( China Quality Control Center ) or "CCCAP" ( China Certification Center for Automotive Products ) or by inspectors or laboratories commissioned by them . The respective standards are laid down in the CCC implementation provisions for the respective products. The national standards of the People's Republic of China (Guobiao or GB standards) come into play here. The IEC standards incorporated in the GB scheme apply to electrical products. CCC certification can currently only be carried out in China via CAQC, CQC or CCCAP.

Practical implementation

The ECE homologation is usually issued by the competent national authority after a test report has been submitted, which is usually drawn up by a technical service accredited in the respective country. The tests are carried out by trained experts on facilities of the accredited technical service, in external laboratories or on the customer's test stands in accordance with the respective ECE rule. Test laboratories recognized by the Federal Motor Transport Authority (KBA) are z. B. TÜV SÜD or GTÜ . TKG and TNO are examples of testing laboratories accredited by the Dutch Road Transport Authority (RDW). The Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA, Great Britain) is a certification authority and technical service in one. Non-European accreditations according to DIN EN ISO 17025, e.g. B. by the Ministry of Transport (MoT, Japan) and the Federal Office of Road Safety (FORS, Australia) are also possible.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Agreement on the acceptance of uniform technical regulations for wheeled vehicles, items of equipment and parts that can be installed and / or used in wheeled vehicles, and the conditions for the mutual recognition of approvals issued in accordance with these regulations"
  2. ↑ JASIC interim report on the adoption of the ECE regulation ( Memento of July 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 54 kB)
  3. ↑ CCC FAQ.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. TÜV Rheinland@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.tuv.com