Real martens
| Real martens | ||||||||||||
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Great Red Marten ( Martes flavigula ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Martes | ||||||||||||
| Pinel , 1792 |
The real marten ( Martes ) are a species of predator from the family of the marten (Mustelidae). The eight species of this genus are native to Eurasia and North America.
Real martens reach a head-trunk length of around 40 to 65 centimeters, the bushy tail is 12 to 40 centimeters long and their weight varies between 0.8 and 5.5 kilograms. The marten fur is usually brownish in color, with some species a light throat or neck patch is present.
With the exception of the stone marten , real marten are distinct forest dwellers. Their diet consists of small mammals , birds and their eggs, but also berries and other parts of plants.
Systematics
The following eight types are distinguished:
- Subgenus Charronia ( Northern Marten or Charsas)
- Great Marten or Charsa ( Martes flavigula )
- Indian charsa ( Martes gwatkinsii )
- Subgenus Martes
- Spruce marten ( Martes americana )
- Martes caurina
- Beech marten ( Martes foina )
- Pine marten ( Martes martes )
- Japanese marten ( Martes melampus )
- Sable ( Martes zibellina )
The fishing marten ( Pekania pennanti ), which until recently was also placed in the genus Martes , is now the only species in the genus Pekania , since the wolverine (genus Gulo ) is more closely related to the other members of the genus Martes than the fishing marten . The genus Martes would therefore be paraphyletic if the fishing marten were included . The relationships within the Martinae subfamily are illustrated by the following cladogram .
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Danger
The South Indian Yellow-throated marten is in the endangered Red List species of the World Conservation Union IUCN as threatened ( Vulnerable out); all other species of this genus are designated as Least Concern .
Cultural history
The marten is part of the coat of arms of Slavonia ; it is also included in the coat of arms of Croatia . In addition, this animal is also the namesake for the Croatian currency kuna (Croatian "kuna" = "marten").
literature
- P. Pinel: Recherches sur une nouvelle classification des quadrupèdes, fondée sur la structure méchanique des parties osseuses qui servent à l'articulation de la mâchoire inférieure. In: Actes de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. 1, 1792, pp. 50-60.
Individual evidence
- ^ Pacific Marten page of the American Society of Mammalogists
- ↑ Bo Li, Mieczyslaw Wolsan, Dan Wu, Wei Zhang, Yanchun Xu, Zhaohui Zeng: Mitochondrial genomes reveal the pattern and timing of marten (Martes), wolverine (Gulo), and fisher (Pekania) diversification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, August 2014, DOI: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2014.08.002
- ↑ Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Kerry A. Deere, Graham J. Slater, Colleen Begg, Keith Begg, Lon Grassman, Mauro Lucherini, Geraldine Veron & Robert K. Wayne: Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation. BMC Biology 2008, 6:10 doi: 10.1186 / 1741-7007-6-10
- ↑ Sato, JJ, M. Wolsan, FJ Prevosti, G. D'Elia, C. Begg, K. Begg, T. Hosoda, KL Campbell & H. Suzuki. 2012. Evolutionary and biogeographic history of weasel-like carnivorans (Musteloidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63: 745-757. DOI: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2012.02.025
- ↑ Martes flavigula in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: A. Abramov, RJ Timmins, S. Roberton, B. Long, Than Zaw & JW Duckworth. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
Web links
- Search for "Martes" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .