Edmund pupil

Edmund Schüler (born February 1, 1873 in Spandau , † October 20, 1952 in Berlin ) was a German lawyer, diplomat, senior civil servant in the Foreign Office of the German Empire and a reformer of the Foreign Office in the Weimar Republic.

Career

He graduated from the Joachimsthalsches Gymnasium , studied law and joined the Prussian judicial service in 1894.

On December 17, 1900 in the consular service of the German Reich and in 1902 became Vice Consul in Constantinople.
In 1904 he was a real advisor and reporter to Addis Ababa
In 1905 he was employed at the consulate in Kharkov .
In 1906 he became a permanent laborer in Berlin
In 1912 he was appointed director of the consular department.
In 1916 he was appointed secret legation councilor.

curator

As a ministerial director, he was an art-loving man and, before the First World War, had ensured that Peter Behrens received the contract for the German Embassy (Saint Petersburg) . In the Weimar Republic he worked to get Peter Behrens and Bruno Paul to reorganize the Foreign Office. He could not implement the drafts due to a lack of budget. He succeeded with sure taste in giving the Foreign Office a closed style using the furniture from Prussian castles in Berlin and Brühl.

Head of the Foreign Office from 1885 to 1918

Restored by the Congress of Vienna , the civil servant career in the diplomatic service was a privilege of the illustrious nobility, while a civil servant career in the consular service remained for the class of the bourgeoisie.

The corporate society reaffirmed itself in the Foreign Office's task distribution plans. When the Republic of the German Reich was proclaimed, Schüler was responsible for the personnel management of the consular service. In 1919 the office consisted of five departments for politics (I), personnel (IB), trade (II), law (III) and press (IV), each of which was headed by a director and a conductor (in the case of politics only one conductor).

IA Political Department: higher politics and the personal details of the officials in the diplomatic service of the officials in the diplomatic service of the Reich Head of State Secretary
Department IB: non-political matters, e.g. B. foreign trade, consular services. Central Department 1879 Head of Director Conductor Karl Weller, Karl Ludwig Weller (1859–1925), WGLR Director of the Personnel Department (IB) until the end of 1918.
II Trade and Transport Department Until 1885, Department II was responsible for trade and legal issues. Maximilian von Berchem
III Legal department: Head: 1885–1902: Otto Hellwig (politician) , 1911 Johannes Kriege
IV Department for German Overseas Interests in the Political Department, from 1890 Colonial Department, from 1907 Reich Colonial Office .

Schüler's reform of the Foreign Office

From 1911 onwards, on Schüler's initiative, young people for the Foreign Office were confronted with economic issues on excursions to industrial companies.

In 1918, after the collapse of the German Empire, Schüler was director of the personnel department of the AA. Its reform consisted of:

Association of diplomatic and consular careers.
Introduction of a regional system in the business distribution plan of the head office in Berlin; a rayon system that grouped states according to language and similarity of circumstances.
Establishment of a foreign trade office associated with the office, but largely independent.
Opening of the Foreign Service to representatives of trade and business as well as politics and business,

In December 1918, the first step towards reforming the Foreign Service was taken with the merging of the consular and diplomatic career regulations.
At the beginning of 1920, the departments, which were structured according to the real system, were dissolved and departments were created by region.

The previous departments were merged into six country departments.

Head of the Foreign Office from 1918 to 1921

Department I, Human Resources and Administration: Edmund Schüler
Department II, Western Europe: Ernst von Simson
Department III Southeast Europe: 1920–1922: Karl von Stockhammern (1869–1928)
Department IV Northeast Europe: Peter Behrens Adolf Georg von Maltzan
Division V England and its Dominions; Edmund Rhomberg, WLR v. Schubert
Department VI America, Spain and Portugal: after a short interlude by Georg Graf Wedel: Adolf Pauli , Geh. Leg.-Rat Grunewald
Department VII, East Asia: Hubert Knipping
Department VIII, Law: Walter Simons from January 1, 1922, Department V: Friedrich Gaus
Department IX; Germanness abroad: Hans Ludwig Moraht .
Department X Foreign Trade

Criticism and failure of the student reform

The reforms were implemented under Foreign Ministers Ulrich von Brockdorff-Rantzau , Hermann Müller (Reich Chancellor) and Adolf Köster . Not least on the part of the aristocrats of the diplomatic service, who had been deprived of their privileges, polemicized the reform that had "taken all sorts of old, disused horses from the consular stables" to send them to the "diplomatic racecourse". After he had lost his support from Foreign Minister Walter Simons , students resigned

In 1921 he was sent into temporary retirement and in 1933 retired added.
He subsequently worked as a freelance architect a. Farmer active.
His estate is kept in the Political Archive of the Berlin Foreign Office .

In 1922, the old diplomats from the Imperial Foreign Office were again masters of Wilhelmstrasse.

Head of the Foreign Office from late 1921 to 1936

Department I, Personnel and Administration
Department II, Western Europe, Southeastern Europe: Gerhard Köpke
Department III, England, America, Orient 1920–1922: Karl Edler v. Mallets (1869–1928),
Department IV, Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, East Asia; Department IV was headed by the ministerial directors Erich Wallroth January 1923 to 1928; Herbert von Dirksen until the end of 1928; Oscar Trautmann until 1931 and Richard Meyer.
Department V, Legal Department: Friedrich Gaus
Department VI, Germanness Abroad and Culture
Special section Germany Liaison office of the Foreign Office to the Reichstag and Reichsrat dissolved in January 1931 Clemens von Brentano
League of Nations unit
protocol
Special lecture E Etiquette. This new special unit E was responsible for questions of ceremonial, rank and etiquette.
Konstantin von Neurath Bernhard Wilhelm von Bülow 's reorganization of the Reich Foreign Ministry in May 1936

Participation in publications

The career of the highest house of the present "Empire State-Building" in New York, Berlin: W. & S. Löwenthal, [1931] German revision Dr. Ing. E. h. Edmujnd Schüler, W. & I Loewenthal, Abbot Baugilde Single publication
Karl Maertin, the stonecutter, hymns Maertin, Karl. - Munich: Georg Müller, 1928
Origin of World War, Fay, Sidney Bradshaw. - Berlin: A. Scherl

literature

Biographical manual of the German Foreign Service 1871–1945. Volume 4: p . Published by the Foreign Office, Historical Service, edited by: Bernd Isphording, Gerhard Keiper, Martin Kröger. Schöningh, Paderborn et al. 2012, ISBN 978-3-506-71843-3 , pp. 185f.

Individual evidence

↑ Berlin. Joachimsthalsches Gymnasium, commemorative publication for the three hundred year anniversary of Koenigl. [ie Koeniglichen] Joachimsthalschen Gymnasium on August 24, 1907, p. 15
↑ Winfried Becker, Frederic von Rosenberg (1874–1937): Diplomat from the late Empire to the Third Reich, Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic, p. 265
↑ Jakob Hort, Architecture of Diplomacy: Representation in European Embassy Buildings 1800-1920, p. 499
↑ The time , [1]
↑ Eckart Conze, The Foreign Office: From the Empire to the Present, p. 19
↑ Die Betriebswirtschaft, 1921, p. 213
↑ Federal Archives , Central Database Estates, [2] , biography: [3] , German biography: [4] , Sylvia Taschka, diplomat without qualities ?: the career of Hans Heinrich Dieckhoff (1884-1952), 2006, p. 34
↑ The few outsiders who had received a post in 1919 disappeared again. The professionals had triumphed, and the lack of consistent ministerial leadership added to their triumph. In 1929 half of all heads of mission were of aristocratic origin, almost all of them were professional diplomats in the empire. Doß attributes the failure of the Schülser reform primarily to the "acceptance of so-called outsiders into office." Their appointment to top positions in the office strengthened the opposition of conservative career officials to the reform work. see Kurt Doss, The German Foreign Office in the Transition from the Empire to the Weimar Republic: d. Schülersche Reform /, Düsseldorf: Droste-Verlag, 1977, 328 S. Hochschulschrift Zugl .: Köln, Univ., Philos. Fak., Diss., 1976, p. 311
↑ Karl Edler v. Stockhammer (1869 - 1928) During the reorganization in 1920 he was appointed head of Landerabteilung III (England, America, Orient). [5] [6]

personal data
SURNAME	Student, Edmund
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German lawyer and diplomat
DATE OF BIRTH	February 1, 1873
PLACE OF BIRTH	Spandau
DATE OF DEATH	October 20, 1952
Place of death	Berlin

[1] Berlin. Joachimsthalsches Gymnasium, commemorative publication for the three hundred year anniversary of Koenigl. [ie Koeniglichen] Joachimsthalschen Gymnasium on August 24, 1907, p. 15

[2] Winfried Becker, Frederic von Rosenberg (1874–1937): Diplomat from the late Empire to the Third Reich, Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic, p. 265

[3] Jakob Hort, Architecture of Diplomacy: Representation in European Embassy Buildings 1800-1920, p. 499

[4] The time , [1]

[5] Eckart Conze, The Foreign Office: From the Empire to the Present, p. 19

[6] Die Betriebswirtschaft, 1921, p. 213

[7] Federal Archives , Central Database Estates, [2] , biography: [3] , German biography: [4] , Sylvia Taschka, diplomat without qualities ?: the career of Hans Heinrich Dieckhoff (1884-1952), 2006, p. 34

[8] The few outsiders who had received a post in 1919 disappeared again. The professionals had triumphed, and the lack of consistent ministerial leadership added to their triumph. In 1929 half of all heads of mission were of aristocratic origin, almost all of them were professional diplomats in the empire. Doß attributes the failure of the Schülser reform primarily to the "acceptance of so-called outsiders into office." Their appointment to top positions in the office strengthened the opposition of conservative career officials to the reform work. see Kurt Doss, The German Foreign Office in the Transition from the Empire to the Weimar Republic: d. Schülersche Reform /, Düsseldorf: Droste-Verlag, 1977, 328 S. Hochschulschrift Zugl .: Köln, Univ., Philos. Fak., Diss., 1976, p. 311

[9] Karl Edler v. Stockhammer (1869 - 1928) During the reorganization in 1920 he was appointed head of Landerabteilung III (England, America, Orient). [5] [6]