Gate of Honor
A gate of honor is the term used to describe provisional or, more rarely, permanent gate structures that have been or are being built on the occasion of special festivities (military victories, princely weddings, visits to rulers, ecclesiastical celebrations, etc.).
According to the prevailing opinion, the gates of honor differ from the triumphal arches in their ephemeral character, the gates of honor were only intended for a current occasion, and accordingly different materials were used for their design: permanent ones for the triumphal arches and ephemeral ones for the gates of honor.
Gates of honor are proven as early as the 12th century. Cardinal Cencius Camerarius (Cencio Savelli) referred in 1192 in his Liber censuum to such gates of honor for the Pope on Easter Monday. The establishment of festive gates of honor was very common in European cities from the 13th century, with a focus on the 16th and 17th centuries. The Enlightenment regarded such buildings as useless. Emperor Leopold II (HRR) in Vienna refused to erect a gate of honor around 1790 and ordered that the money earmarked for it be used to equip 40 country girls. Even Friedrich II. (Prussia) had taken during his triumphal entry to Berlin in 1763 established him as a triumphal arch unnecessary expense disapprovingly noted. Nevertheless, the custom persisted into the 19th century and beyond. Under the rule of National Socialism , for example, it was cultivated more often again.
The term is also used in a figurative sense, for example for Maximilian I's gate of honor , a woodcut work .
gallery
Gate of honor in Erlangen for the inauguration of the university , 1743
The provisional large triumphal arch (Paris) made of wood and stucco, 1810
Gate of honor in Bamberg , 1887
Gate of honor at the Mardorf church , 2003
Individual evidence
- ↑ Otto Lueger : Lexicon of the whole technology and its auxiliary sciences, Bd. 3 Stuttgart, Leipzig 1906., p. 223 noted that the monumental triumphal arches had developed from the provisional honor gates. "The provisional honor gates mostly consist of a raw wooden frame that appears covered with green leaves and is also decorated with flags, wreaths, plaster statues, trophies and the like. In the Middle Ages it was customary to use groups or individual figures of living beings to that they formed a very effective sculptural decoration of the temporary building. The two gates of honor only have one large passage; but sometimes three gates also appear arranged: the middle large door the pageant, the two on the side for pedestrians. " Sulzer (1774) treated triumphal arches and gates of honor as synonyms Johann Georg Sulzer: General Theory of Fine Arts, vol. 2, p. 1183 ff. The great Paris triumphal arch was first built in 1810 as a provisional gate of honor.
- ↑ Cf. * Hans Martin von Erffa: Ehrenpforte . In: Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte , Vol. 4, Stuttgart 1958, Sp. 1443–1504, here: Sp. 1443–1445
- ↑ See ibid.
- ↑ Example: Ehrenpforte on the Stöpe 1935, Adolf Hitler Koog , Ehrenpforten on the occasion of the Bückeberg Festival in Hameln
literature
- Hans Martin von Erffa: Ehrenpforte . In: Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte , Vol. 4, Stuttgart 1958, Col. 1443–1504.
- Dietz-Rüdiger Moser : Triumphal arches and honor gates. (PDF; 657 kB). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 14, 2016 ; accessed on December 21, 2018 . in: Festschrift JA Schmoll gen. Eisenwerth, ed. by Winfried Nerdinger and Norbert Knopp, Munich 2005.