Eleftherios Kiosses

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Eleftherios Kiosses ( Greek Ελευθέριος Κιοσές , * 1923 in Piraeus ; † June 5, 1942 in Kesariani (Athens)) was a Greek student of literature and philosophy who fought against National Socialism and the German Wehrmacht in the Greek resistance .

Life

During the occupation of Greece by the German Wehrmacht, Eleftherios Kiosses, like many other Greek students, left the university and joined the resistance movement. Eleftherios Kiosses became chief editor of the newspaper I Foni ton Sklavon (The Voice of the Slaves). He hid Allied soldiers who had stayed in Greece after the Italian-German occupation and gave them help. On February 19, 1942, he was arrested by the German Wehrmacht in Piraeus while he was printing the secret newspaper. He was brought to the dungeons on Merlinstrasse, the headquarters of the SS in Athens, where he was tortured and from there to the Agikosta prison in Athens. On March 28, 1942, Eleftherios Kiosses was sentenced to five years in prison by the German military court in Athens and shot as a hostage on June 5, 1942 with Georgios Kotoulas and seven other patriots in Kesariani (Athens).

Eleftherios Kiosses wrote a farewell letter to his family, which was part of the anthology Lettere di condannati a morte della Resistenza Europea | Last letters sentenced to death from the European resistance , is published.

The Italian composer Luigi Nono chose ten farewell letters from the anthology for the text of his choral work Il canto sospeso, written in 1956 - including the letter from Eleftherios Kiosses.

The farewell letter from Eleftherios Kiosses in extract:

“Dear mom, dad and little sister, today, June 5th, 1942, they will fusilate us. We die as men for the fatherland. I am not suffering at all and therefore do not want you to suffer. I don't want any complaints or tears. Be patient. I wish you are happy and not saddened because of me. Greetings from the bottom of my heart to everyone. We are worthy of our ancestors and of Greece. I do not tremble and I write to you standing upright on my feet, I breathe the fragrant Hellenic air under the hymettos for the last time. It's a wonderful morning. We communicated and also sprinkled each other with eau de cologne that one had in his pocket. Farewell Greece, mother of the heroes Lefteris "

Translations of Eleftherios Kiosses' letter into several languages ​​can be found on the interactive Italian portal Canzoni contro la guerra.

Web links

literature

  • Piero Malvezzi, Giovanni Pirelli (ed.): Lettere di condannati a morte della resistenza europea - Letters from those sentenced to death from the European resistance , with a foreword by Thomas Mann, Giulio Einaudi publishing house, Turin 1954 (first edition)
  • Jean Lartéguy: Les jeunes du monde devant la guerre: documents . Gallimard, Paris 1955, ISBN 978-2-07-023750-0 , pp. 195, 200
  • Audio CD Luigi Nono 'Il canto sospeso', Berliner Philharmoniker, conductor: Claudio Abbado , speakers: Susanne Lothar and Bruno Ganz - Sony Classical 1993 (documentation booklet)
  • DVD Luigi Nono Il canto sospeso special edition EU 2013 for German schools abroad - Patronage: Guido Westerwelle , Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs © Fondazione L'Unione Europea Berlin ISBN 978-3-943933-00-0

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lettere di condannati a morte della Resistenza Europea | Last letters condemned to death from the European resistance, edited by Piero Malvezzi and Giovanni Pirelli, foreword by Thomas Mann - Steinberg-Verlag Zurich 1955, p. 232 (Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1962)
  2. ^ The basis of the text of the composition Nonos are also the farewell letters published in the anthology by Anton Popov (Bulgaria), Andreas Likourinos (Greece), Konstantinos Sirbas (Greece), Chaim (Galicia) (Poland), Esther Srul (Poland), Ljubow Grigoryevna Schewzowa (USSR), Irina Maloson (USSR), Eusebio Giambone (Italy) and Elli Voigt (Germany).
  3. ↑ Eleftherios Kiosses, Luigi Nono. Il Canto Sospeso
  4. ↑ Lettere
personal data
SURNAME Kiosses, Eleftherios
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Κιοσές, Ελευθέριος (Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Greek resistance fighter against National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH 1923
PLACE OF BIRTH Piraeus
DATE OF DEATH June 5, 1942
Place of death Kesariani