Eusebio Giambone

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Eusebio Giambone (born May 1, 1903 in Camagna Monferrato , † April 5, 1944 in Turin ) was an Italian resistance fighter against National Socialism .

Life

Eusebio Giambone was a machine setter . Even as a youth he was politically active, an active communist and - not yet twenty years old - he was involved in the occupation of factories with Antonio Gramsci and Parodi. Forced to emigrate to France in 1923, joined the resistance movement after the occupation of France by the German armed forces . In 1942 he was arrested by the Vichy regime and interned in the Vernay concentration camp.

When Eusebio Giambone was expelled from France after July 25, 1943, he returned to Turin, joined the resistance movement there and, as a representative of the Communist Party of Italy and a member of the 1st Regional Military Committee for Piedmont , established cadres of the Workers tasked with defending the city.

On March 31, 1944, he was captured by members of the Republican Fascist Federation at a meeting of the Committee (CMRP) in the sacristy of the Church of San Giovanni in Turin . A special court sentenced him to death on April 2 and 3, 1944. Together with General Perotti and six other members of the regional military committee Eusebio Giambone was on April 5, 1944 by a firing Corps of the Republican National Guard (GNR) in the national shooting range Martinetto in Turin firing squad .

After the trial, on the night of April 3, 1944, Eusebio Giambone wrote a suicide note to his wife Luisetta, which was part of the anthology Lettere di condannati a morte della Resistenza Europea | Last letters condemned to death from the European resistance is documented.

reception

The Italian composer Luigi Nono chose ten farewell letters from women, men and young people - including the letter from Eusebio Giambone - for the text of his choral work Il canto sospeso, written in 1956, from the collection Last Letters to Death Convicts from the European Resistance .

Reading Eusebio Giambone's farewell letter was part of the concert performance of Luigi Nono's composition Il canto sospeso with Claudio Abbado and the Berlin Philharmonic in the Berlin Philharmonic in December 1992. The recording of the concert is the basis of the so-called Nono project - an initiative by Claudio Abbado and a circle of friends IncontriEuropei for schools in Europe, whose sponsorship was later taken over in 2001 by the Fondazione L'Unione Europea Berlin .

The farewell letter from Eusebio Giambone is documented in the concert recording Il canto sospeso and in the teaching project with the following excerpt:

“After a few hours I will definitely not be there, but be assured that I will stand calm and composed in front of the execution corps as I am now, as I was during those two days of a mock trial like I was at the announcement of the verdict, because I already knew at the beginning of that sham trial that the result would be a death sentence.

Are those who condemned us that calm too? Certainly not!"

Translations of the letter from Eusebio Giambone quoted here in the extract are contained in several languages ​​in the interactive Italian portal Canzoni contro la guerra .

After his death in Italy, Eusebio Giambone was honored with the award of the 'Medaglia d'oro al valor militare'.

Web links

literature

  • Piero Malvezzi, Giovanni Pirelli (eds.): Lettere di condannati a morte della resistenza europea - Last letters from the European resistance condemned to death. Foreword by Thomas Mann. Giulio Einaudi Publishing House, Turin 1954. (first edition)
  • Jean Lartéguy: Les jeunes du monde devant la guerre: documents . Gallimard, Paris 1955, OCLC 14688776 , pp. 195, 200.

CDs

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Piero Malvezzi, Giovanni Pirelli (ed.): Lettere di condannati a morte della resistenza europea - Last letters from the European resistance condemned to death. Steinberg-Verlag, Zurich 1955, p. 277.
  2. ^ The basis of the text of the composition Nonos are also the farewell letters published in the anthology by Anton Popov (Bulgaria), Andreas Likourinos (Greece), Eleftherios Kiossès (Greece), Konstantinos Sirbas (Greece), Chaim (Galicia) (Poland), Esther Srul (Poland), Irina Maloson (USSR), Ljubow Grigorjewna Schewzowa (USSR) and Elli Voigt (Germany).
  3. ^ Website for the nonoproject
  4. ↑ Documentation of the four-page letter from Eusebio Giambone to his wife ( Memento from December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ^ Eusebio Giambone, Luigi Nono. Il Canto Sospeso
  6. ^ Lettere Il canto sospeso
personal data
SURNAME Giambone, Eusebio
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian resistance fighter against National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH May 1, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Camagna Monferrato
DATE OF DEATH April 5, 1944
Place of death Turin