Emesinae
| Emesinae | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Emesinae | ||||||||||||
| Amyot & Serville , 1843 |
The Emesinae are a subfamily of the predatory bugs (Reduviidae) from the suborder Cimicomorpha . In English they are also called thread-legged bugs (" thread-legged bugs").
features
The Emesinae have an elongated slim body. The legs are thread-like (also slender and long). At the end of the front rails ( tibiae ) (in contrast to other bugs) they do not have an adhesive pad, but a structure called " Fossula spongiosa " of dense hairs to hold the prey in place. The claws of the front legs are often asymmetrical. The anterior acetabulum opens forward. The bugs reach sizes between 3 and 40 millimeters. Most species, however, are less than 10 millimeters long.
Way of life
Many Emesinae are active at night and at dawn. They often stay on tree bark or in spider webs. There are also species that live in caves. They hunt various arthropods . In contrast to the stick insects (Phasmatodea) the Emesinae use only the last two pairs of legs for locomotion. The front pair of legs is used to grab prey. The subfamily is represented worldwide. The highest biodiversity of the Emesinae can be found in the tropics and on various Pacific islands.
Taxonomy and systematics
The Emesinae consist of more than 900 species in around 90 genera . In Europe the subfamily is represented with 30 species from 10 genera. In North America, north of Mexico, there are around 60 species from 14 genera. In a revision of the subfamily by Wygodzinsky (1966), the latter regarded the Emesinae as a sister taxon of the Saicinae .
The Emesinae are divided into the following six tribes (with a selection of genera):
- Collartidini Wygodzinsky , 1966
- Deliastini Villiers , 1949
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Emesini Amyot & Serville , 1843
- Chinemesa , Emesa , Eugubinus , Gardena , Myiophanes , Phasmatocoris , Polauchenia , Stenolemus , Stenolemoides
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Leistarchini Stål , 1836
- Bagauda , Gomesius , Guithera , Lutevula , Mafulemesa , Ploiara , Proguithera
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Metapterini Stål , 1874
- Barca , Bargylia , Emesaya , Ghilianella , Onychomesa , Pseudobargylia , Pseudometapterus , Schidium
- Ploiariolini Van Duzee , 1916
Species in Europe
The following species occur in Europe:
- Collartida anophthalma Español & Ribes , 1983
- Collartida tanausu J. Ribes, P. Oromi & E. Ribes , 1998
- Emesopsis nubilus Uhler , 1894
- Empicoris baerensprungi ( Dohrn , 1863)
- Empicoris brevispinus ( Puton , 1889)
- Empicoris culiciformis ( De Geer , 1773)
- Empicoris gloriae Baena & PV Putshkov , 1977
- Empicoris gracilentus ( Jakovlev , 1907)
- Empicoris mediterraneus Hoberlandt , 1956
- Empicoris melanacanthus ( Horvath , 1892)
- Empicoris noualhieri ( Puton , 1887)
- Empicoris pyrenaicus Dispons , 1958
- Empicoris rubromaculatus ( Blackburn , 1889)
- Empicoris salinus ( Lindberg , 1932)
- Empicoris tabellarius Ribes & PV Putshkov , 1992
- Empicoris uniannulatus ( Signoret , 1852)
- Empicoris vagabundus ( Linnaeus , 1758)
- Empicoris xambeui ( Montandon , 1885)
- Gardena insignis Horvath , 1887
- Ischnonyctes barbarus ( Lucas , 1849)
- Metapterus caspicus ( Dohrn , 1863)
- Metapterus linearis A. Costa , 1862
- Ploiaria chilensis ( Philippi , 1862)
- Ploiaria disponsi Linnavuori , 1965
- Ploiaria domestica Scopoli , 1786
- Ploiaria gutturalis Noualhier , 1895
- Ploiaria putoni Noualhier , 1895
- Schidium palinuri Dioli , 1989
- Stenolemus novaki Horvath , 1888
- Tinna grassator ( Puton , 1874)
More types
A selection of non-European species:
- Barce fraterna ( Say , 1832)
- Barce Uhleri Banks , 1909
- Emesaya brevipennis ( Say , 1832)
- Empicoris errabundus ( Say , 1832)
- Empicoris orthoneuron McAtee & Malloch , 1925
- Empicoris winnemana McAtee & Malloch , 1925
- Gardena elkinsi Wygodzinsky , 1966
- Ghinallelia productilis Barber , 1914
- Phasmatocoris labyrinthicus Pape , 2013
- Ploiaria aptera McAtee & Malloch , 1925
- Ploiaria denticauda McAtee & Malloch , 1925
- Pseudometapterus umbrosus ( Blatchley , 1926)
- Stenolemoides arizonensis Banks , 1909
- Stenolemus lanipes Wygodzinsky , 1949
- Stenolemus spiniventris Signoret , 1858
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Christiane Weirauch: Heteropteran Systematics Lab @ UCR - Emesinae . University of California, Riverside. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Subfamily Emesinae - Thread-legged Bugs . bugguide.net. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- ↑ D. Redei: New and little-known thread-legged assassin bugs from Australia and New Guinea (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) (PDF 496 KB) Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 53 (4), pp. 363–379, 2007. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- ↑ a b Emesinae. Fauna Europaea, accessed January 28, 2017 .
- ^ Pedro W. Wygodzinsky: A monograph of the Emesinae (Reduviidae, Hemiptera). Bulletin of the AMNH; v. 133 (PDF 209 MB) American Museum of Natural History - Research Library Digital Repository. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- ^ Subfamily Emesinae Amyot & Serville, 1843 . biolib. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
