Emetullah

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Mahpare Emetullah Rabia Gulnusch Sultan , Rabia Gulnus or Gülnusch Sultan (* 1642 or 1647 in Rethymno , Crete , † November 6, 1715 in Edirne ) was the favorite consort of Mehmed IV and the mother of the two Ottoman sultans Mustafa II and Ahmed III .

Life

First years

It was in 1642 on the then the Republic of Venice belonging island Crete born before the war the Ottomans with the Venetians of Crete, who, in 1645 to the days of Ibrahim I. began. Her father was the Venetian Retimo Verzizzi, the mother is unknown. Her name was Eugenia Voria or Evmania Voria. At the age of four, her hometown of Rethymno was conquered by the Ottoman admiral Serdar Deli Hüseyin Pascha. She was probably kidnapped in 1659, according to some sources Serdar Deli Hüseyin Pasha brought her to Istanbul and gave it to the palace as a gift. She was taken to the sultan's harem at the age of 17, where she was educated and trained. In 1661 she drew the attention of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV and became his Gözde (favorite). In 1662 she gave birth to their daughter Hatice Sultan and officially became Ikbal ( concubine ). She converted to Islam and was given the name Emetullah ( servant of Allah ), to which she was given three other names Mehpare ( piece of the moon ), Gülnusch ( rose garden ) and Rabia . In 1664 she gave birth to her son Prince Mustafa and became Haseki Sultan (wife of the Sultan).

At that time, the most influential woman in the Ottoman Empire was the mother of Sultan Turhan Hatice . She was Valide Sultan (mother of the Sultan) of the Ottoman Empire since 1648 and ruled the empire for five years because her son was a minor. The sultan's mother was not the only one who blocked Emetullah's access to power: Mehmed IV had eight other wives and several sons. In order to secure the succession to the throne for her sons, Emetullah tried to eliminate the competitors through intrigues.

Middle years

Mehmed IV was known under the name Avci (the hunter) because he often went hunting during his reign. He left the state and politics to state officials such as Köprülü Mehmed Pascha and his son Köprülü Fâzıl Ahmed Pascha . His wife used to accompany him on the hunt. In 1683 the sultan's mother died and Emetullah became the most powerful woman in the empire. In 1688 Mehmed IV was deposed as sultan and his younger brother Suleyman II came to power. Mehmed moved to Edirne in the old seraglio , his wife and their children followed him there. Mehmed died in Edirne in 1693. Suleyman II died in 1691, and was replaced by Ahmet II , a son of Ibrahim. In 1695 Emetullah's son ascended the throne as Mustafa II .

Last years

After Mustafa's accession to the throne, she became the Valide Sultan . Emetullah moved to Topkapi and lived by her son's side. Emetullah is said not to have interfered in politics or state affairs, but she nevertheless ensured the removal of her older son in 1703 and the accession of her younger son Ahmed to the throne . After that she still remained Valide Sultan. Emetullah and Mahpeyker are the only Valide Sultan who had given birth to two sultans. Their influence increased during the time of Ahmet, who had great respect for his mother. In 1709 the Swedish King Charles XII. the offer of an alliance with Sweden with the aim of a war between the Ottoman Empire and Russia. From 1711 , Ahmed III. War against russia.

In 1708, during the reign of Ahmed III, Emetullah ordered the construction of a mosque: The Yeni Valide Sultan Camii (New Mother Sultan Mosque), not to be confused with the mosque Yeni Camii (New Mosque) founded by her mother-in-law . The order was given in 1708 to the architect Mehmed Agha, who was able to complete the construction in 1711 - while Emetullah was still alive.

death

Emetullah died on November 6, 1715 in Edirne. Her body was brought to Istanbul to the mosque founded by her, where she was buried. She was the Valide Sultan and mother of two sultans for 20 years. She had a great influence on the sultans and is one of the most powerful valide sultans in Ottoman history.

children

• Hatice Sultan (1662–1743), daughter
• Mustafa II. (1664-1704)
• Ahmet III. (1673-1736)
• Gulsum Sultan (1679-1720)
• Fatma Sultan (1680-1722)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Retimo Verzizzi family tree