Emilie Tolnay

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Emilie Tolnay b. Müller (born October 6, 1901 in Iglau ; died July 5, 1944 in Vienna ) was an Austrian hairdresser and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime . She was sentenced to death by the Nazi judiciary and executed with the guillotine in the Vienna Regional Court .

Life

After completing compulsory school, Tolnay worked as an unskilled worker in various industrial companies from 1916 . In 1922 she learned the profession of hairdresser , which she practiced until 1926. In that year she married the baker's assistant Anton Tolnay (* 1893). In 1936 the couple was arrested by the Austro-Fascist regime on suspicion of working for the Communist Party of Austria and interned for four months. On July 14, 1942, the two, now by the Nazi regime , were arrested again. Together with Therese Dworak , Johann Graf and Rosalia Graf , Emilie was indicted on December 22, 1943 by the senior Reich attorney at the People's Court of having participated in the “reorganization of the illegal resistance struggle from 1941 to 1942”, the wanted KPÖ functionary Adolf Neustadtl and this "enables extensive development work". According to the indictment, "the husband Tolnay was apparently strongly under the determining influence of his mentally superior wife". She had also managed to win Johann and Rosalia Graf over to work in the KPÖ.

On April 14, 1944, Therese Dworak , Johann Graf , Rosalia Graf and Emilie Tolnay the People's Court of Vienna because of "preparation for high treason and aiding the enemy " to death sentenced Anton Tolnay to ten years in prison . Emilie Tolnay was on July 5, 1944 in the Vienna Regional Court by the guillotine executed. Anton Tolnay was imprisoned until the end of the Nazi regime.

Commemoration

Tolnay's name can be found on a memorial plaque unveiled in 1946 for the victims of the struggle against fascism in the district management of the KPÖ-Penzing at Drechslergasse 42 and on a plaque in the execution room of the Vienna Regional Court . She was buried in the shaft graves of group 40 (row 20 / grave 50) of the Vienna Central Cemetery .

Sources and literature

  • Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance (ed.): Resistance and persecution in Vienna 1934-1945. A documentation. Vol. 2, Vienna 1984
  • DÖW – Akt 5733d, 6872, 6901, 19793/25
  • Fine, Erich: The stones speak. Memorials of the Austrian struggle for freedom. Memorials for the victims of fascism. A documentation. Vienna 1975
  • Wolfgang Neugebauer : Resistance and Persecution in Vienna, 1934-1945. A documentation. Volume 1, Österreichischer Bundesverlag 1984, 125 [1] .
  • Spiegel, Tilly : Women and Girls in the Austrian Resistance. Monographs on contemporary history. Vienna 1967
  • Austrian women in the resistance : Short biography of Emilie Tolnay , written by Karin Nusko, accessed on May 19, 2015
  • Willi Weinert: “You can put me out, but not the fire”: a guide through the grove of honor of Group 40 at the Vienna Central Cemetery for the executed resistance fighters . Alfred Klahr Society and Wiener Stern-Verlag, 3rd edition 2011 [2]

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Post-war justice , accessed May 19, 2015
personal data
SURNAME Tolnay, Emilie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Müller, Emilie (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian hairdresser and resistance fighter against National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH October 6, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Iglau
DATE OF DEATH July 5, 1944
Place of death Vienna