Emirate of the Druze
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With the fall of the Mamluk Empire in Egypt and Syria , Lebanon also came under the rule of the Ottomans in 1517 , but retained semi-autonomous status as an emirate.
Emirate of the Ma'n Dynasty (1517–1697)
As early as the 16th century, the Druze could achieve extensive autonomy under their emirs from the Man clan (Maʿn) . Above all under Fachr ad-Dīn II. (1585-1633) agriculture and trade were promoted. The political influence of the emir, who was governor of the Sandjaqs of Sidon - Beirut and Safad , extended over large parts of Syria to Palmyra (see Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn ) and the borders of Anatolia . But when Fachr ad-Din II rose against the Ottomans, he was beaten and executed.
Emirate of the Schihab dynasty (1697–1842)
After the main line of the Druze Man dynasty died out, the Sunni (and later converted to the Maronite faith) Schihab clan (Šihāb) became the emirs of Lebanon in 1697 . Under Bashir I ( Bašīr ; 1697–1707) and Haidar ( Ḥaidar ; 1707–1732), however, there were initially fierce factional battles within the Druze, before the country was pacified under Mulhim ( Mulḥim ; 1732–1754) and a settlement between the factions could be achieved. Bashir II. (1788-1840) began to build an administration and a legal system. But when the emir allied himself with Muhammad Ali Pascha , he was forced to resign by the Ottomans after his withdrawal from Syria and Lebanon in 1840 . After it was under Bashir III. (1840–1842) had serious unrest between the Druze and the Maronites, the Ottomans finally took over the direct administration and broke the resistance of the local rulers.
literature
- Wolf-Hagen von Angern: Historical Construct and Denomination in Lebanon. Logos-Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-8325-2667-2 , pp. 121-137.