Emission factor

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An emission factor is a quantity that indicates how much of a substance or mixture of substances is emitted in relation to suitable reference values . It often gives the ratio of the mass of a released ( emitted ) substance to the mass of a raw material used. Instead of emission factor, the term specific source strength is often used synonymously .

use

The emission factor is substance and process-specific, i. i.e., he is dependent on

  • the reference value (e.g. the amount of material used or the surface of a dump ),
  • the process (e.g. incineration or bulk handling ),
  • the considered (emitted) substance.

The unit of the emission factor depends on the reference value.

Emission factors can be divided into two types. On the one hand in approaches that represent a global mean value for all similar systems, on the other hand in individual approaches that relate to the individual circumstances. The former are helpful when creating emissions registers . The latter are used, among other things, in the approval process. Emission factors are also used to determine diffuse emissions .

If the reference value is multiplied by the emission factor specific to the released substance and the process, the emitted quantity can be determined.

Example: The emission factor for the release of dust when handling gravel is 15 g / t. If 2 tons of gravel are handled (e.g. loaded onto a truck), 2 t × 15 g / t = 30 g of dust are released.

Emission factors are determined and tabulated for each substance and process. In the case of fuels (e.g. natural gas ), the emission factor can also be related to the energy content ( calorific value or calorific value ).

If a longer process is considered, the time component must also be included. The emissions of flame retardants from televisions during the use phase are given, for example, in percentages by weight per year.

Emission factors for motor vehicles are updated annually, since the emission behavior of motor vehicles changes continuously and an increasing volume of traffic causes a change in driving and operating behavior.

When considering animal husbandry systems (especially in intensive animal husbandry ), “convention values ​​for emission factors” are often used, as the emissions from these systems are highly variable and there is no standardized measurement method.

Goods-related emission factors

A goods-related emission factor is defined as the mass fraction of organic and inorganic substances that can be emitted by a certain amount of goods in a certain process and under defined process conditions. There are two different types of textile finishing processes:

  • g org. Carbon / kg textile
  • g substance / kg textile

The latter emission factor is used when a certain substance (e.g. toxic or environmentally hazardous) is of interest.

literature

  • DIN EN ISO 11771: 2011-04 Air quality ; Determination of time-averaged mass emissions and emission factors; General procedure (ISO 11771: 2010); German version EN ISO 11771: 2010. Beuth Verlag, Berlin.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ VDI 3790 sheet 1: 2015-07 environmental meteorology ; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Basics (Environmental meteorology; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffusive sources; Fundamentals). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, p. 5.
  2. ↑ a b VDI 3790 sheet 3: 2010-01 environmental meteorology; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Storage, transshipment and transport of bulk materials (Environmental meteorology; Emission of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Storage, transhipment and transportation of bulk materials). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, p. 4.
  3. ↑ VDI 3790 sheet 1: 2015-07 environmental meteorology ; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Basics (Environmental meteorology; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffusive sources; Fundamentals). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, pp. 23–24.
  4. ↑ VDI 3790 sheet 3: 2010-01 environmental meteorology; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Storage, transshipment and transport of bulk materials (Environmental meteorology; Emission of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Storage, transhipment and transportation of bulk materials). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, p. 8.
  5. ^ Franz Joseph Dreyhaupt (ed.): VDI-Lexikon Umwelttechnik. VDI-Verlag Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-18-400891-6 , p. 414.
  6. ↑ VDI 3894 sheet 1: 2011-09 Emissions and immissions from livestock facilities; Husbandry practices and emissions; Pigs, cattle, poultry, horses (Emissions and immissions from animal husbandry; Housing systems and emissions; Pigs, cattle, poultry, horses). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, p. 7.