Police (turkey)
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| Supervisory authority (s) | Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı |
| founding | 1845 |
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| Headquarters | Dikmen Caddesi No 89, Çankaya- Ankara |
| Authority management | Celal Uzunkaya |
| Number of employees | 273,000 (2016) |
| Budget volume | 12,119,314,000 YTL (2012) |
| Website | www.egm.gov.tr |
The official name of the central authority of the Turkish police is "Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü" ( German General Directorate for Security ). The police of the Republic of Turkey are centrally organized and represent an executive body . They report to the Ministry of the Interior and are responsible for all police tasks including traffic monitoring. In rural regions, their job - following the French model - is taken over by Jandarma . The police are not represented in these areas.
History and structure
The predecessor organization of the Turkish police was founded in the Ottoman Empire in 1845. The Ottoman name was zaptiye . During the Turkish Liberation War there were parallel police authorities in Istanbul and Ankara . The police law of Turkey has the number 2559 and is originally from 1934.
The central authority is headed by a director general. This is appointed by the Council of Ministers on the proposal of the Minister of the Interior with the consent of the Prime Minister and President .
The central police stations in the provinces are called Directorate ( Müdürlük ) and are subordinate to the governor ( vali ). In the counties , the central police station is called the Commissariat ( Amirlik ). She is subordinate to the district administrator .
In 2010 the Turkish police had 229,965 employees, of which 218,255 were in the police force, including 13,000 women police officers.
The Turkish police operated 834 police stations across the country in 2012.
In 2012, the police budget was around 12.2 billion lira (5.7 billion euros), a new record.
The police have a number of departments. There are departments for:
- Command control ( Ana Komuta Kontrol Merkezi Dairesi Başkanlığı ), collects data on all events affecting public order, terrorism, security, smuggling and traffic accidents, evaluates them and creates monthly and annual reports and corresponding statistics
- Archives ( Arşiv Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Public order ( Asayiş Dairesi Başkanlığı ), creation of public order, education and crime prevention especially for children and young people
- Data processing ( Bilgi İşlem Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- International Cooperation ( Dışilişkiler Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Training ( Eğitim Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Security ( Güvenlik Dairesi Başkanlığı ), responsible for “destructive separatist and reactionary endeavors” of NGOs and in particular for work in connection with donation activities, publication bans and trade unions. The riot police ( Çevik Kuvvet ) are also based in this department . It replaced the Toplum Polisi ("Society Police ") formed in 1965 in 1982
- Communication ( Haberleşme Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Police helicopter ( Havacılık Dairesi Başkanlığı - "Aviation"), squadron with a total of 19 helicopters in 2009
- Legal advice ( Hukuk Müşavirliği )
- Administration and Finance ( İdari Mali İşler Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Material procurement and maintenance ( Ikmal ve Bakim Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Construction and Real Estate ( İnşaat Emlak Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Interpol ( Interpol Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Internal Investigations ( İstihbarat Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Smuggling and Organized Crime ( Kaçakçılık ve Organize Suçlarla Mücadele Dairesi Başkanlığı ), particularly responsible for drug crime and smuggling
- Personal Protection ( Koruma Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Forensic Science ( Kriminal Polis Labaratuvarları Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Personnel recruitment ( Personel Dairesi Başkanlığ )
- Health Care ( Saglik İsleri Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Civil Defense ( Sivil Savunma Uzmanlığı )
- Social Welfare ( Sosyal Hizmetler Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Strategy development ( Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Inspection and Revision ( Teftiş Kurulu Başkanlığı )
- Counter- Terrorism ( Terörle Mücadele Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Department for Special Operations of the Turkish Police ( Özel Harekat Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- traffic
- Foreigners, Borders and Asylum ( Yabancılar Hudut İltica Dairesi Başkanlığı )
- Press and Public Relations ( Basın ve Halkla İlişkiler Şube Müdürlüğü )
Function and Mission
The regular police are divided into the "Schutzpolizei" and the "Kriminalpolizei".
In the official description of the mission, the main focus is on basic security, protection of the population, thwarting of punishment, especially of children and young people, as well as the use of statistics to achieve this. The trust of the Turkish population in the police is also a goal.
education
Since the police was founded in 1845, police officers have been recruited using a simple process and trained in various ways, with no strict training requirements. The first actual police school was founded in 1891 under the name "Polis Dersanesi" (= police class), in which police officers received a 3-month training (this class was only available in the capital Istanbul). In 1907 the first Polis Okulu (= police school) was founded, where police officers received the same 3-month training. The Polis Dersanesi also became the Polis Okulu. After the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923, the duration of the training increased to 6 months. Due to financial problems, all police officers in Istanbul were trained again in 1926. Commissioners and directors were taken from the gendarmerie, i.e. the military. You could become a police officer if you had an elementary school diploma.
In 1937 the training system was reformed with the establishment of the Polis Akademisi (= police academy) and the Polis Koleji (= police college) as well as the re-establishment or reorientation of the Polis Okulu (= police school). There were again several police schools in which elementary school graduates with a 6-month training became police officers. However, commissioners and directors have now also been trained in-house. After completing secondary school at the age of 14, young people were able to go to the police college, where they graduated from high school at 17. These could then, together with other high school graduates (from civil high schools), go to the 1-year police academy and, after graduation, become inspectors. Once they had passed all commissioner ranks, they could become directors with a test without additional training.
This training was continuously improved and the duration extended. In 1941 the duration of training at the Police Academy increased to 2 years, in 1962 to 3 and in 1980 to 4 years. The police school increased its training to 1 year in the 1960s and finally to 2 years since 1984. The requirements for school education were raised in the 1960s, so that now completing a middle school was compulsory, i.e. a total of 8 years of schooling.
In 1984 the following table emerged: High school graduates could attend a Polis Koleji and after graduation, together with graduates of civil high schools at the age of 17, went to the police academy, where they received a 4-year training and then became police officers. These commissioners, once they had passed all commissioner ranks, could become directors with a test without additional training. Middle school graduates could attend Okulu Polis for 2 years and then become police officers. This system existed until 2015.
A transitional system has been in place since 2015. The police college was closed, as was the police school. While the police college is not reopening, the police school continues its activities under a different name. Under the umbrella of the Polis Akademisi there are now 5 facilities, 3 of which are for police officers and 2 train specialists:
In the Polis Meslek Yüksekolu PMYO (= Police Vocational College), high school graduates with 12 years of schooling can become police officers with a 2-year training.
In the Polis Meslek Egitim Merkezi POMEM (= Police Vocational Training Center), bachelor or master graduates with a 10-11 month training course can become police officers.
Polis Amirleri Egitim Merkezi PAEM (= Police Superiors Training Center) can go to police officers who have at least 2 years of experience and who pass the entry test (passed by around 10-15%). These receive a further 10-11 months of training and are then promoted to commissioners. There could be a similar principle in the selection of directors.
criticism
The police union criticizes the limited career opportunities for patrol officers and the excessive working hours of the officers. On April 18, 2013, the competent disciplinary court in Ankara ruled that police officers had no right to form a union. However, the establishment of the union remained legal, as no appeal was made to a local court.
Allegations of infiltration by the Gülen movement
The chairman of the police union İrfan Çelik stated in June 2013 that the infiltration of the higher service of the police by the Islamic Gülen movement was the “big taboo subject” in Turkey.
The Gülen movement is accused of having systematically infiltrated the Turkish police and judiciary since the mid-1980s and thereby wanting to establish a “ state within a state ”. The journalists Ahmet Şık and Nedim Şener and others of their colleagues were arrested in March 2010 and the manuscript “Imamin Ordusu” (Eng. The Imam's Army) was confiscated from Ahmet Sik as part of the investigation. The book claims that the Turkish police were infiltrated by the Gülen movement. Many opposition groups believe that the journalists were arrested for the book alone.
Human rights violations
In the past decades, and especially in the years after the military coup in Turkey in 1980 , there have been repeated massive human rights violations by police officers. Turkey has tried in recent years to improve the human rights situation through reforms.
The 2008 annual report of the Turkish Human Rights Association reports 448 cases of ill-treatment in police custody and numerous deaths from the abuse of firearms and the use of force by police officers.
Ranks
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ EGM: [1] , accessed on February 14, 2016. (Turkish)
- ↑ Mynet Haber: Budget volume of the Turkish police ( memento of the original from October 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Turkish)
- ↑ Homepage of the department for security ( Memento of the original from February 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Homepage of the police helicopter squadron ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Akademi Tarihçesi | Polis Akademisi Başkanlığı. Retrieved December 11, 2019 .
- ^ Frank Nordhausen: Police in Turkey - "We are like slaves" , Frankfurter Rundschau June 11, 2013
- ^ Frank Nordhausen: Police in Turkey - "We are like slaves" , Frankfurter Rundschau June 11, 2013
- ↑ Jürgen Gottschlich: Gülen Movement in Turkey - The uncanny power of Iman Spiegel Online, April 5, 2011, accessed on June 12, 2011
- ^ Censorship in Turkey - explosives made of paper , taz March 31, 2011
- ↑ Annual report 2008 of the IHD (PDF; 6.9 MB)
