Wolverine slugs

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Wolverine slugs
Mountain wolverine snail (Ena montana)

Mountain wolverine snail ( Ena montana )

Systematics
Subclass : Orthogastropoda
Superordinate : Heterobranchia
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Enoidea
Family : Wolverine slugs
Scientific name
Enidae
BB Woodward , 1903

The wolverine snails (Enidae), also called tower snails by some authors , are a species-rich family from the subordination of land snails (Stylommatophora). The fauna Europaea lists 176 species for Europe alone.

features

The housings are small to medium-sized (4 to 20 mm high) and highly conical or almost cylindrical with around five to over ten turns. The mouth edge is often modified, usually bent outwards or turned over and thickened, and forming a mouth lip. From the edge of the mouth (up to seven) teeth can protrude into the mouth; the teeth are blunt thickenings of the mouth lip. The housings are mostly monochrome; the colors range from whitish, yellowish and horn-colored to brown and reddish brown. Two-tone housings are also very rare. Some species camouflage their shells with feces and detritus that are glued to the surface.

In the male part of the sexual apparatus, the spermatic duct (vas deferens) opens into the more or less long and more or less thick epiphallus. A more or less long flagellum is usually formed at the confluence of the vas deferens into the epiphallus, and a blind sac (epiphallus caecum) can also be present. A more or less long blind sac (penis caecum) is formed at the epiphallus / penis transition. The penis is more or less long in relation to the epiphallus and of varying thickness. A structured, very long penis appendix is ​​always present. At the end, the retractor muscle divides into two strands that attach to the penis, penile appendix or epiphallus. The free fallopian tube (oviduct) and the vagina are usually very different in length in relation to each other. But the vagina is not swollen. The sperm library is always long to very long, and there is almost always a more or less long to very long diverticulum present.

Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life

The family is spread across the Palearctic . The family's center of diversity is in Southeastern Europe and the Middle East. The distribution area extends from the Atlantic Islands ( Azores , Canary Islands and Madeira ) in the west to Japan in the east. In the north, some species penetrate to southern England, central Germany, Lithuania and central Russia, in the south to North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, the Caucasus, and central and south-east Asia.

The species of the family live as forest snails on trees, in dry areas as burrows in the ground or on rocks. They feed on withered plant material and detritus.

Taxonomy and nomenclature

The nomenclature of this family is extremely confusing. In 1880, Wilhelm Kobelt proposed a family based on the genus Buliminus . The resulting family name Buliminidae is already taken for a family of Foraminifera . Therefore, the name Enidae BB Woodward, 1903, is valid today for this family group, which also includes the genus Buliminus Beck, 1837. In a decision by the Zoological Nomenclature Commission, the emended name Buliminusidae was made available but does not take precedence over Enidae. But it can be used for a subfamily Buliminusinae within the Enidae. Independently of this, Schileyko (1998) changed the (sub) family name Bulimininae to Buliminuinae. The common German name wolverine snails is also controversial. Jungbluth and von Knorre (2008) propose the common German name tower snails for this family, which is already assigned to a marine snail group ( tower snails = Turritellidae). Therefore, the older name, which is more common in literature, is still used here.

Insecure position:

The genus Borlumastus Örstan & Yildirim, which was only established in 2004 , is a more recent synonym of Meijeriella Bank, 1985 , according to Gümüş & Neubert (2012) .

supporting documents

literature

  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN  0076-2997
  • Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3
  • Burçin Aşkım Gümüş, Eike Neubert: New taxa of terrestrial molluscs from Turkey (Gastropoda, Pristilomatidae, Enidae, Hygromiidae, Helicidae). ZooKeys, 171: 17-37, 2012 doi : 10.3897 / zookeys.171.2273
  • Jürgen H. Jungbluth and Dietrich von Knorre: Common names of land and freshwater mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127
  • Michael P. Kerney, Robert AD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8
  • Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs. Part 2. Gastrocoptidae, Hypselostomatidae, Vertiginidae, Truncatellinidae, Pachnodidae, Enidae, Sagdidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (2): 129-261, Moscow 1998 ISSN  0136-0027

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fauna Europaea - Enidae (accessed June 9, 2010)
  2. ↑ Opinion 2018 (Case 3192). Buliminidae Kobelt, 1880 (Mollusca, Gastropoda): spelling emended to Buliminusidae, so removing the homonymy with Buliminidae Jones, 1875 (Rhizopoda, Foraminifera); and Enidae Woodward, 1903 (1880) (Gastropoda): given precedence over Buliminusidae Kobelt, 1880. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 60 (1): 63-65, London 2003.
  3. ↑ Barna Páll-Gergely: Revision of the Turkish Ramusculus taxa with description of Ayna gen. Nov. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae). Journal of Conchology, 40 (1): 73-77, 2009 PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ttk.pte.hu  
  4. ↑ CR Altaba: A new genus and species of Enidae (Gastopoda (sic!): Pulmonata) from the Quaternary of the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Zootaxa 1595: 43-52, 2007 abstract .
  5. ↑ Intidhar Abbes, Said Nouira, Eike Neubert: The Enidae of north-western Africa (Pulmonata: Enidae). Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 138 (2): 213-237, 2009 doi : 10.1127 / arch.moll / 1869-0963 / 138 / 213-237 .
  6. ^ B. Hausdorf: A new genus of the Buliminidae from Turkey (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Journal of Natural History, 33: 149-154, 1999 PDF ( Memento of October 28, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ Aydin Örstan, M. Zeki Yildirim: Borlumastus nov. gen. (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae), a new land snail genus from Turkey. Basteria, 68, 125-129, PDF ( Memento from July 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

Commons : Wolverines (Enidae)  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files