Ground sailor

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Grundsegler windmill in Aagtkerke , Zeeland
Water mill "Wynhamster Kolk"
Windmill "Charlotte" former scoop and grain mill, Nieby (northeast of Schleswig-Holstein)
Heage windmill, 6-bladed stone dutchman in Derbyshire , England

Grundsegler (from ndl. Grondzeiler ), mostly called Erdholländer in large areas of Germany , are Dutch windmills standing at ground level . Its wings, which can be provided with sails, reach close to the ground level (up to approx. 0.60 to 1 m), which is what gave the name ( Dutch : vanaf de grond opgezeild ). The wings cover almost the full height of the building. Erdolländer on light embankments are also known as bottom sailors.

Construction

The mill building can be made of wood (hexagonal, octagonal) or stone (octagonal, round). In the Netherlands, the wing tracking is usually done with the codend , in Germany (e.g. water scoop mill “ Wynhamster Kolk”, Rheiderland ; windmill “Amrum”, Nebel auf Amrum ) also with a compass rose .

Erddolländer offer the option of climbing the wings from the ground for maintenance. At the same time, however, there is a risk that people and objects will be caught by the rotating wings, usually with serious injuries or even death. Numerous mill names ("Jungfernmühle" in Berlin-Neukölln) refer to this type of accident.

distribution

One finds reason sailors mainly in the north and west of the Netherlands in the polder areas , where few obstacles were present, which affected the wind, as well as in Eastern and rare in North Friesland , in the plains of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia , isolated also in England , France and the Czech Republic .

The 18 basic sailors from Kinderdijk are now a World Heritage Site .

literature

  • Torsten Rüdinger, Philipp Oppermann: Small mill customer. German history of technology from the friction stone to the industrial mill . Edition Terra Verlag, Berlin and Potsdam 2010, ISBN 978-3-9811626-7-7 , p. 83 ff.

Footnotes

  1. Heino Kok: History of the former mill from Thedinga Monastery near Leer. A contribution to the East Frisian mill history . Norderstedt 2014, ISBN 978-3-7357-4096-0 , p. 10.