Ernst Zais

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Ernst Zais (born August 23, 1837 in Darmstadt , † July 7, 1903 in Munich ) was a German researcher , especially of the Westerwald stoneware and patron .

Life

Ernst Zais was the second son of the doctor and owner of the hotel "Vier Jahreszeiten" in Wiesbaden Wilhelm Zais and his wife Adolfine, nee. Floret, born in Darmstadt. His grandfather was the urban planner and classicist architect Christian Zais . Like his father and other ancestors, he was supposed to study medicine after his in-depth training, so he enrolled at the University of Würzburg. He joined the student union Corps Rhenania and received the three-colored ribbon on November 28, 1860. On October 26, 1961, he enrolled for the winter semester at Heidelberg University. "The public distribution of the academic prizes donated by His Royal Highness to the most blessed Grand Duke Karl Friedrich for the best answers to the questions posed by the four faculties in the past year took place at Heidelberg University. The medical faculty received the gold medal in accordance with the statutes stud. med. Ernst Zais from Wiesbaden. " He later dropped out of college. His older brother Wilhelm, born in 1836, continued to run the hotel mentioned above, although Ernst Zais and the other siblings were also financially secure. So he was free to pursue his various inclinations.

The result of his collecting and research activities were an extensive collection of materials from the 12th to 15th centuries and what was then the "largest and most complete self-contained collection of Westerwald stoneware ", which he left to the Cologne Museum of Decorative Arts at the end of his life.

He was a well-educated private scholar who wrote articles about Melchior Aconitus, Valentin Arnoldi, Graf Arnstein, Friedrich L. von Botzenheim, Wilrad Burchardi , Hermann Bär and Heinrich LC Böttger in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) . In 1872 he wrote a necrology on Karl Rossel. In 1877 he published two letters from Goethe to Lehne. He worked on the Archbishopric of Mainz and commented on the term "Nictrenses".

In the meantime, his knowledge of porcelain and earthenware matured, and the first publication on such a topic was his results on the porcelain manufactory at Höchst. This work was groundbreaking and is cited in many publications to this day. In the same year an article appeared on the Mainz building industry and its culture, art and craft history.

At the same time he had been digging, comparing and researching so far in order to get an order of the broken pieces. Much was ascribed to the factories in Raeren, Cologne or Siegburg. For Ernst Zais, however, it became clear that there was and was an independent Westerwald stoneware . Wiesbaden had become too provincial for the well-traveled researcher and art lover, because in 1886 he moved to Munich, more precisely to Schwabing, where art, artists and intellectuals had their home at the turn of the century.

With an article about the faience factory in Göggingen, he opened a series of articles in the “Bayerische Gewerbe-Zeitung”. In 1890 he once again talked about other fields, the furniture from Roentgen and French glass in the Taunus. Ernst Zais also thought about "which objects from the area of ​​the administrative district of Wiesbaden, of which it is desirable that they are given to our arts and crafts loan exhibition". These were suggestions for the Wiesbaden trade exhibition in 1895.

In the weekly newspaper of the "Frankfurter Zeitung" he gave a lecture on Cologne stoneware and critically examined the publications of August Demmin and criticized the "Floor Plan of Ceramics" by Johann Friedrich Jännicke in his article on the "Technology of Nymphenburg Porcelain", see below . In the same year he published about the Frankenthal porcelain. Together with Paul Richter, he described the “clay industry in the Kannenbäckerland on the Westerwalde”. In 1895 he also reported on the Dirmstein faience factory. He now took care of the porcelain factories that were located in Bavaria, such as Munich and Künnersberg, Nymphenberger Porzellan and Friedberg, Amberg and Passau in 1897.

He returned to his homeland by writing about Melchior's project on the tomb of Elector Emmerich Josef von Mainz. We take his last publication from the “Nassau Annals”, it was about “An inventory of St. Valentine's Church in Kiedrich”.

Because he was seriously ill, he presented his research results on Rhenish stoneware to Otto von Falke , the director of the Museum of Applied Arts in Cologne, now the Museum of Applied Arts in Cologne . He bequeathed his extensive collection of fabrics and the collection of Westerwald stoneware to the Kunstgewerbemuseum Cologne. He also donated money to this museum with the condition that his research results were published and to increase his stoneware collection. This can be found in Brigitte Klesse. Otto von Falke took over the findings of Ernst Zais and published them in two volumes. “ In his foreword he pointed out that the creation of his work is owed to the legacy of the art researcher and collector Ernst Zais. He further stated that the section on the Westerwald essentially contains the research results of Zais. The foreword as a whole pays homage to Ernst Zais. “I take these lines from Gerd Kessler's book. We owe him not only an article on the 100th anniversary of Ernst Zais' death in the Westerwälder Zeitung, but also other publications in specialist journals and lectures, even in the USA.

In addition to his research, Ernst Zais saw himself as a patron, because the Association for Nassau Antiquities, the Germanic National Museum and other museums owe him books, pictures, maps and other fine items. The University of Toronto also calls him a "benefactor" after a great fire raged there on February 14, 1890. Ernst Zais died unmarried on July 7, 1903. He had drawn up a will and appointed Max Friedlaender as executor , or Hugo Jacoby as a substitute . The will is at the Museum of Applied Arts in Cologne , in which the Museum of Applied Arts is incorporated. His work has been and is still being cited.

literature

  • Stadtarchiv Wiesbaden, Udo Zais: "Zais, contributions to family history, historical, family, personal"
  • Brigitte Klesse: "Ernst Ludwig Ferdinand Daniel Friedrich Zais" in "The great donors of the Kunstgewerbemuseum Cologne", 1981, pp.28-29: 5 III
  • Gerd Kessler: "Ernst Zais: Highly deserved and yet almost forgotten" in Westerwälder Zeitung, no. 154, July 7, 2003
  • P. Fischer: "Ernst Zais (1837-1903), researcher and patron", in Keramische Zeitschrift 3, 2004, p. 174
  • Necrolog (Dr. med.Wilhelm Zais, Wiesbaden) Balneologische Zeitung: Correspondence sheet of the German Society for Hydrology, Volume X, No. 16, February 4, 1861
  • Grand Ducal Baden Government Gazette, sixtieth year, No. I - LXV, Karlsruhe, printing and publishing house Malsch and Vogel, 1862, LXII, page 571
  • Heidelberg Year Books of Literature, Volume 55, No. 2, Page 969, 1862
  • The register of the University of Heidelberg, edited by Gustav Toepke, Sixth part, 1846-1870, page 421, no. 211 Carl Winter's University Bookstore 1907
  • Gisela Reineking von Bock, stoneware, collection of the Kunstgewerbemuseum (now the Museum of Applied Arts) of the City of Cologne, 3 editions 1971, 1976, 1986
  • Otto von Falke, Das Rheinische Steinzeug, 1908, reprint 1977, Otto Zeller Verlag, Osnabrück
  • Gerd Kessler, On the history of the Rheinisch Westerwald stoneware of the Renaissance and the Baroque, Verlag Helmut Ecker, Höhr-Grenzhausen, 2002

Works

  1. ↑ Brigitte Klesse, Ernst Ludwig Ferdinand Daniel Friedrich Zais in The great donors of the Kunstgewerbemuseum Cologne
  2. ^ City archive Wiesbaden, Zais, contributions to family history, historical, family, personal
  3. ^ Necrolog (Dr. med Wilhelm Zais, Wiesbaden), Balneologische Zeitung: Correspondence sheet of the German Society for Hydrology, Volume X No. 16, February 4, 1861
  4. ^ The register of the University of Heidelberg, edited by Gustav Toepke, Sixth Part 1846 - 1870, page 421, no. 211, Carl Winter's University Bookstore, 1907
  5. ↑ Grossherzoglich Badisches Regierungsblatt, sixtieth volume, No. I to LXV, Karlsruhe, printing and publishing house Malsch and Vogel, 1862, LXII, page 571
  6. ↑ Heidelberger Jahrbücher der Literatur, Vol. 55, No. 2, 1862, page 969
  7. ^ Brigitte Klesse, Ernst Ludwig Ferdinand Daniel Friedrich Zais in The great donors of the Kunstgewerbemuseum Cologne, 1981, pp. 28–29, 5 III
  8. ↑ Gisela Reineking von Bock, Steinzeug, collection of the Kunstgewerbemuseum (now the Museum of Applied Arts Cologne) of the City of Cologne, 3 editions: 1971, 1976, 1986
  9. ↑ Ernst Zais, Nekrolog for JH Karl L Rossel, Rheinischer Kurier, 1872, No. 264
  10. ↑ Ernst Zais, In the new realm of Goethe to Friedrich Lehne, two unprinted letters from Goethe, 1877, Volume 2, pp. 419-424
  11. ^ Ernst Zais, Contributions to the history of the Archbishopric Mainz, Verlag von Feller & Gecks, Wiesbaden 1880
  12. ↑ Ernst Zai, Nictrenses, Korrespondenzblatt West German Journal of history and art, Volume III, no. 1 & 2, 1884, p.31.
  13. ↑ Ernst Zais, Die Kurmainzische Porzellan-Manufaktur zu Höchst, A contribution to the history of the German applied arts, with 3 plates and 18 illustrations in the text, Verlag von J. Diemer, Mainz 1887
  14. ↑ Ernst Zais, Mainzisches Bauwesen in the eighteenth century, journal of the Association for Research into Rhenish History and Antiquities, 1887, 3, pp. 391–398
  15. ↑ Ernst Zais, Zur Mainzischen Kultur-, Kunst- und Handwerker-Geschichte, journal of the association for research into the Rhenish history and antiquities, 1887, 3, pp. 385-390
  16. ^ Ernst Zais, Contributions to Art Pottery, I. The Fayencefabrik zu Göggingen, Bayerische Gewerbe-Zeitung, 1889, No. 9, pp. 193–196
  17. ↑ Ernst Zais, Verriers Francais dans la montagne de Taunus, La Chronique des Arts et de la Couriosité, March 15, 1890, No. 15, pp. 85–86
  18. ↑ Ernst Zais, L'ébéniste David Roentgen, Gazette des beaux-arts, 1890, 32, pp. 180-184
  19. ^ Ernst Zais, On the Wiesbaden trade exhibition in 1895, published by Feller & Gecks, Wiesbaden 1894
  20. ↑ Ernst Zais, Kölner Steinzeug, weekly newspaper of the Frankfurter Zeitung, no. 39, of September 30, 1894, pp. 619-620
  21. ^ Ernst Zais, Frankenthaler Porzellan in Aachen, magazine of the Aachener Geschichtsverein, Volume XVI, 1894
  22. ^ Ernst Zais and Paul Richter, The clay industry of the Kannenbäckerland on the Westerwalde, In: Investigations on the situation of the craft in Germany, Leipzig, 1895, s. 372-459
  23. ^ Ernst Zais, Die Bischöflich Wormsische Fayencefabrik zu Dirmstein, Verlag M. Schorss, Munich, 1895
  24. ^ Ernst Zais, Small Contributions to the History of Art Pottery, I. Munich, II. Künnersberg, Bayerische Gewerbe-Zeitung, 1895, No. 3, pp. 49–53
  25. ↑ Ernst Zais, III. On the older technology of Nymphenberger porcelain, Bayerische Gewerbe-Zeitung, 1896, No. 2, pp. 25–31
  26. ^ Ernst Zais, IV. Friedberg, V. Amberg, VI. Passau, Bayerische Gewerbe-Zeitung, 1897, No. 10, pp. 246-250
  27. ^ Ernst Zais, Melchior's project on the tomb of Elector Emmerich Josef von Mainz, monthly journal of the Frankenthaler Altertumsverein, No. 1, January 1897, pp. 1-3
  28. ^ Ernst Zais, An inventory of St. Valentine's Church in Kiedrich, Nassauische Annalen, 1898, Volume 29, pp. 219–221
  29. ^ Otto von Falke, Das Rheinische Steinzeug, 1908, reprint 1977, Otto Zeller Verlag, Osnabrück
  30. ↑ Gerd Kessler, On the history of the Rhenish-Westerwald stoneware of the Renaissance and the Baroque, Verlag Helmut Ecker, Höhr-Grenzhausen, 2002, ISBN 3-926075-11-2
  31. ↑ Gerd Kessler, Ernst Zais: Highly deserved and yet almost forgotten, Westerwälder Zeitung, No. 154, July 7, 2003

Web links

Wikisource: Ernst Zais  - Sources and full texts
personal data
SURNAME Zais, Ernst
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German researchers, especially of the Westerwald stoneware and patrons
DATE OF BIRTH August 23, 1837
PLACE OF BIRTH Darmstadt
DATE OF DEATH July 7, 1903
Place of death Munich