First Belvedere
The First Belvedere (for Samuel Nienborg : “The Princely Lusthaus”) was a Renaissance building on the Brühlsche Terrasse in Dresden and was the first of the four buildings at this location .
Construction began in 1589 based on designs by Giovanni Maria Nosseni . After Nosseni's death in 1620, his pupil, Sebastian Walther, took over the building and continued it. After Walther died in 1654, the painter Christian Schiebling and his colleague Wolf Ernst Brohn managed the building.
It is characterized as "the only Renaissance building that was created in a purely Italian design language in one pour on Saxon soil" (Zumpe).
history
The construction of the first Belvedere began as early as 1589 under Elector Christian I. It was designed as a multi-storey pleasure house on the maiden bastion for the festivities of the court, whereby the construction time lasted more than 60 years. When the client died in 1591, the shell of the lower ballroom and the adjoining vault with the open arched hall had not yet been completed.
Elector Christian II had the vaults of the lower ballroom completed and the shooting house completed as an open arched hall.
Under Elector Johann Georg I , the upper ballroom was built as a shell. The extensions on the Elbe side (kitchen) and those on the city moat followed. A wooden pavilion was set up above the building. In 1622 the entire 24 m high shell was finished.
The wooden pavilion was later replaced by a curved, copper dome . On December 22, 1747, lightning struck the building and the powder magazine under the Belvedere caught fire and blew up the building.
description
Lower ballroom
The lower ballroom was called the Grottensaal or Antiquarium because of its furnishings . Its height was 5 m, the floor plan was 15 × 20 m. The ceiling of the hall consisted of four heavy cross vaults that rested on the fortress walls and on a column in the middle. The fortress masonry was broken through by two room-sized wall niches (conches) on the Elbe side and two on the city moat. There was enough space in the conchia for tables and benches. There were twin windows in the perforated wall . A fountain, chimney and organ were on the closed sides of the fortress walls. The walls of the lower hall were "very splendid ... of ashlar pieces with beautiful cornices and capitals , of white, red, gray and speckled marble stone ...". Above each column there was “a bust de Stucco ”, which was later replaced by bronze busts. These represented the ancestral gallery, 60 dukes and electors from the House of Saxony. At the entrance on the left, there was a fountain designed by Carlo de Cesare, a "triple beautiful grotto, with a large concha and picture inside" which was carved from "imaginary colored marble stones". The " Karmiese and friezes ... also all door frames " were adorned with jasper , agate , lapis lazuli and chalcedony . The walls of the hall were designed in such a way that they “shine like a mirror”. There were "Quadri of oil paints painted on canvas". These oil paintings represented the “praclaras res gestas” of the Saxon princes. The room called a grotto or antiquarian bookshop was intended to serve “for a safe”. There “the most delicious crystalline, jaspine, topazine, agatine and other foreign stone dishes set in gold” were set up. There was also a “gold-set Nave of the Bohemian diamond that holds four measures”. The elector's table was also aligned on this safe , adorned with precious and gemstones . Next to the table, on the right, was a large organ with pipes made of green serpentine stone.
Upper ballroom
There was a spiral staircase in the lower ballroom. This made it to the upper ballroom. This had four portals and twelve windows. A wooden pavilion was built above the ballroom . In the ballroom, the ceiling of the wooden pavilion (outer dome) could also be seen through an oval opening in the vault (inner dome). “A frieze [with] Trojan histories” had been painted in the large throat of the inner dome. The hall was 13 × 19 m in size and 9 m high.
pavilion
In the ceiling of the outer dome, the court painter Kilian Fabritius had depicted the “four elements, day and night”. “A little further down [were] the seven planets with twelve heavenly signs”. The ceiling of the outer dome was very high, with perspective and "adorned with transparent windows". Above the inner dome (“inside on the frieze”) at the oval opening to the outer dome (“in the crossing ”) a corridor was built around the oval opening. There the trumpeters and musicians played for the guests in the lower ballroom. A circumferential corridor was also built in front of the windows of the pavilion with its outer dome, which served as a viewing terrace.
literature
- Fritz Löffler : The old Dresden - history of its buildings . EASeemann, Leipzig 1981, ISBN 3-363-00007-3 .
- Manfred Zumpe : The Brühl terrace in Dresden . Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-345-00207-8 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ German Photo Library
- ↑ Zumpe, pp. 37–45 and Löffler, pp. 37f
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 10.4 ″ N , 13 ° 44 ′ 42.4 ″ E