Bruehl Terrace
The Brühl Terrace or Brühl Terrace is an architectural ensemble and a tourist attraction in Dresden . It is located in the city center in the old town and stretches for about 500 meters along the Elbe between the Augustus Bridge and the Carolabrücke . The Brühl Terrace is also known as the balcony of Europe . The term was coined at the beginning of the 19th century and later widely used in literature.
history
The Brühl Terrace was built in the 16th century as part of the Dresden fortifications . The name goes back to Heinrich von Brühl , who had the so-called Brühl's glories ( gallery , library , belvedere , palace and garden with pavilion ) built on the fortress by Johann Christoph Knöffel . Due to the development, the terrace lost its military importance.
In 1814 Prince Nikolai Grigoryevich Repnin-Volkonsky , who was governor-general over the occupied Kingdom of Saxony after the defeat of Saxony in the Battle of Leipzig , issued the order to open the terrace to the public. The architect Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer was commissioned to build an outside staircase . This was originally decorated with two sandstone lions by Christian Gottlieb Kühn . In 1843, the architect Woldemar Hermann created access to the terrace from large Fischergasse (from 1849 Münzgasse ) and in 1890/94 another from Georg-Treu-Platz based on a design by Constantin Lipsius . The street Terrassenufer , which runs below Brühlsche Terrasse, was laid out in the early 1860s. In 1873 there were breakthroughs to Münzgasse and 1900 to Brühlschen Gasse . The former Brühl buildings had to give way to today's buildings at the end of the 19th century / beginning of the 20th century.
Architectural components
The Brühl Terrace is around 500 meters long and sometimes up to 10 meters high. The width is between 10 and 40 meters.
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The west of the terrace is accessed via an outside staircase that was planned as early as 1811. In 1814, after it was released to the public, the building under the direction of Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer took place within just four months. Christian Gottlieb Kühn created the two lions watching at the foot of the stairs, which were moved from Tiergartenstraße to the entrance of Querallee to the Great Garden in 1863 . The staircase was rebuilt from 1863 according to a project by Georg Hermann Nicolai in order to accommodate the group of figures The four times of the day by Johannes Schilling, which was intended to be executed by King Johann after a competition , the 1868 ( evening and night ) and 1871 ( morning and noon ) by Franz Schwarz were executed and erected. In 1908 they were replaced by bronze casts.
The south side of the Brühlsche Terrasse is built on with public buildings and museums. In the west, directly on the outside staircase, is the Saxon estate house by Paul Wallot , built in 1900, for which the Palais Brühl and the Fürstenberg house were demolished. In front of the Ständehaus there is a sandstone water basin, originally made in 1750 based on a design by François Coudray . In 1990/91 the basin and sculpture (a boy with a dolphin) were replaced by an identical copy because the original sandstone was no longer noticeable. The basin has the dimensions 11.6 × 11.2 meters. The edge of the pool is 0.12 meters high and the pool is 0.4 meters deep. The corners of the north side are rounded and there is an indentation in the south side (6.66 × 1.68 meters). A fountain emerges from the middle of the pool . The secondary school , which was built in 1897 on the site of the Brühl library, is attached to the estate.
Next to it is the entrance from Münzgasse. This is followed in an easterly direction by the Lipsius building known as the Art Academy . It was built as the seat of the Saxon Art Association and the Royal Art Academy from 1887 to 1894 in place of the Brühl Gallery and in the 21st century it houses the Academy of Fine Arts and the art gallery in the Lipsius building . This is followed by the stairway from Georg-Treu-Platz. At the foot of the staircase is the entrance to the Museum fortress Dresden , which is built in below the Brühl terrace. After the art academy, the Albertinum , the expanded former Dresden armory, follows .
On the east side of the terrace, the maiden bastion , there are remains of the Brühl Gardens on the Belvedere hill in a small park. The bear pen and the court gardener's house form the eastern end .
The north side of the Brühlsche Terrasse was largely kept free of buildings. Only at the western end was a narrow house attached to the wall with the shipping building , formerly a bridge maintenance office and now a restaurant, but its height is just below the terrace. To the north there is a panorama over the Neustädter Elbe side from the Dresdner Heide in the east to the Lößnitz in the west. Centrally, the view falls over the landing stages of the Saxon steamship over to the Neustädter Elbe bank in the Inner Neustadt .
Plastic components
The Brühl Terrace is decorated with numerous plastic elements.
Opposite the secondary school there is a bust for the sculptor Ernst Rietschel , which was created by Johannes Schilling . This bronze monument was unveiled on the 15th anniversary of Rietschel's death on February 21, 1876. It depicts a larger-than-life portrait bust of Rietschel and three reliefs depicting history, poetry and religion. At the foot of the monument there are three statues that symbolize drawing, modeling and chiseling. On the memorial there is an inscription “In the place of his work”, as Rietschel had his studio in the Brühl garden pavilion , which was previously located here.
The Gottfried Semper monument , which was also designed by Johannes Schilling , stands between the Albertinum and the Lipsius Building, at the entrance to Georg-Treu-Platz . It was created in 1891/1892 and unveiled on September 1st, 1892. The figure is made of bronze and the base is made of granite . The group of figures attached to the staircase, Four Times of the Day, is also by Johannes Schilling.
Between the secondary school and the University of Fine Arts, opposite the stairway from Münzgasse, a planetary system is embedded and set up on the square, created in 1988 by Vinzenz Wanitschke . The sculpture, entitled Earth and Planets, consists of a bronze ball (1.20 meters in diameter) with crystals growing out of it to represent the constantly changing world. In the floor there are medallions in concentric rings arranged by different colored paving stones, which bear the names of the bastions named after planets in 1721.
The former Brühlsche Garten houses the dolphin fountain and two sphinxes by Johann Gottfried Knöffler . These belonged to the Second Belvedere , which was located in the Brühl Gardens. There are also memorials for Johann Friedrich Böttger and Caspar David Friedrich in the Brühl Gardens . The Böttger monument is a 1.90 meter high sandstone stele with a Böttger medallion made of Meissen porcelain , created in 1982 by Peter Makolies .
Wolf-Eike Kuntsche designed the memorial for the painter Caspar David Friedrich from 1988 to 1990. The three meter high work was created by the blacksmith Peter Bergmann in stainless steel and bronze for the letters. The memorial is based on the painting by Georg Friedrich Kersting from 1811, Caspar David Friedrich in his studio . Shown are the rays of Friedrich's genius, which connect the window cross, easel and a board lying on the floor with a quote from Friedrich. The quote reads: “The painter should not only paint what he sees in front of him, but also what he sees in himself. So if he doesn't see anything in himself, he also refrains from painting what he sees in front of him. ”It was inaugurated on the 150th anniversary of Friedrich's death on May 7, 1990.
The Ludwig Richter monument by Eugen Kircheisen (new by M. Gläser) was re-erected next to the Albertinum in September 2013.
The Moritz monument created by Hans Walther is located on the corner of Terrassenufer and Hasenberg .
Myths and legends
At the bear pen near the monument to Johann Friedrich Böttger, you can admire the fingerprint of August the Strong on the railing of the Brühl Terrace . According to a legend, this imprint in the handrail of the railing was left here by August because of his strength. The railing itself was not created until the Brühl Terrace was rebuilt around 1900, long after his death.
According to a legend, a woman dressed in white is said to come from the Brühl Palace from time to time and throw herself over the railing into the water at a certain point. This is said to be Count Brühl's lover, the opera singer Teresa Albuzzi-Todeschini , who took her own life at that point (which, however, does not correspond to reality) and has not been able to rest since then.
literature
- anonymous: Ständehausbau or Schloßplatz decoration? A guide out of the labyrinth of the terrace question . Dresden 1898 ( digitized ).
- Stadtlexikon Dresden A-Z . Verlag der Kunst Dresden 1995, ISBN 3-364-00300-9 .
- Art in public space , information brochure of the state capital Dresden, December 1996.
- Manfred Zumpe : The Brühlsche Terrasse in Dresden , Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-345-00207-8 .
- Walter Fellmann : Du-Mont art travel guide . Saxony. Du-Mont Buchverlag, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7701-2759-5 , Dresden, Die Brühlsche Terrasse, p. 104-109 .
- Georg Piltz : Art guide through the GDR . Urania-Verlag Leipzig - Jena - Berlin. 4th edition 1973; Page 505: Buildings on Brühl's Terrace .
Web links
- Brühl's Terrace on Dresden-Bilder.de
- Brühlsche Terrasse Dresden - description, history, pictures, map and transport links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Woldemar Hermann; Eckhart Schleinitz (ed.); Michael Schleinitz (Ed.): Diary of my sphere of activity in architecture . Hermann's construction diary from 1826 to 1847. Notschriften Verlag, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 978-3-933753-88-5 , p. 94 f.
- ↑ Manfred Zumpe : The Brühl terrace in Dresden . Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-345-00207-8 . P. 179
- ↑ Manfred Zumpe: The Brühl terrace in Dresden . Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-345-00207-8 . P. 180
- ↑ Manfred Zumpe: The Brühl terrace in Dresden . Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-345-00207-8 . P. 156
- ↑ Manfred Zumpe: The Brühl terrace in Dresden . Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-345-00207-8 . P. 223.
- ↑ Manfred Zumpe: The Brühl terrace in Dresden . Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-345-00207-8 . P. 227.
- ↑ Georg Piltz: Art Guide , p. 505.
- ^ Art in public space . Dresden Cultural Office, Dresden 1996.
- ↑ Johann Georg Theodor Grasse : The Treasure of Legends of the Kingdom of Saxony , 1855, No. 130 “The ghost on the Brühl's terrace.” , P. 99 f .; 2nd edition 1874, 2nd volume, p. 115 ( digitized on Wikisource ).
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 12.3 " N , 13 ° 44 ′ 24.7" E