Münzgasse (Dresden)
The Münzgasse is a road in the interior of the old town of Dresden and connects the street An der Frauenkirche with the Terrassenufer .
As a gastronomic mile in the pedestrian zone around the Frauenkirche , it is one of the tourist attractions of the Saxon capital in summer and winter and also known nationwide as a painter's view from the Brühlsche Terrasse .
history
middle Ages
Münzgasse, until 1849 known as the large Fischergasse , is a small piece of a very old national connection between Bautzen and Zwickau which is known today as the Saxon Franconian Road and thus as part of the medieval Frankfurt track from Nuremberg via Dresden to Frankfurt (Oder) . This Altstraße is currently enjoying great popularity again and is marketed as the Saxon Way of St. James on Frankenstraße between Bautzen and Hof (Saale) .
The large Fischergasse originally represented the connection from the Dresden Elbfurt to the south to the hill of the later Neumarkt . In the late Slavic period there was initially also a ferry on the banks of the Elbe and later a simple wooden bridge over the Elbe mentioned in 996 . The water-loving Slavs were known for building kilometers of wood connections over shallow water and swampy terrain.
About a hundred meters upstream to the east, the mouth of an oxbow river into the Elbe formed a natural inland harbor , which was located roughly at the site of today's dome of the art academy and was moved outside the fortress in 1590. Up until the late 19th century it was used there as a so-called gondola port , mainly by fishing boats . At this place, where the Elbe waterway crossed the Altstrasse, a small fishing settlement developed from a small fishing settlement into a trading settlement in the late Slavic period , which historians call a village at the Frauenkirche or settlement around the Frauenkirche and city topographers often call it a women's suburb or women's community . Other historians see this settlement as the main town of the Nisan district , the Nisani settlement mentioned several times . The port of Nisani was mentioned in 1004 in connection with a campaign by Henry II against Bohemia . The time of origin of the presumed suburban trading center is very controversial among historians. On the other hand, there is broad agreement that, for reasons of city topography, it was located at the location of the later bread banks in Frauengasse.
The later large Fischergasse was the main street of this settlement. Since 1020 it led from the Elbfurt to the then consecrated wooden church Zu Unsrer Lieben Frauen , the predecessor of the later stone women's churches of the Romanesque , Gothic and Baroque styles . To the east of it and not far from the church were the main buildings of the Bohemian Academy or Academy Nisan , to the west of it an icon school attached to this spiritual academy .
The time when the Nikolaikirche , today's Kreuzkirche , was built is also controversial. It is mainly seen in connection with the creation of the trading center. With the wave of city founding by merchants, merchant settlements usually arose around cooperative Nikolaikirchen. Dresden deviates here in two points:
- the founding of the city, which was important at that time, with the subsequent bridge building (according to another view: the huge bridge building with the subsequent city founding) was probably created by the lordly, even a royal foundation by the burgraves of Dohna, which was a result of the conflict between the empire and the margraviate, is assumed Meißen could have passed to the Margrave of Meißen in the 1190s
- the Nikolaikirche was far too far away from the suburban trading center for a connection to exist
The Nikolaikirche (and today's Kreuzkirche) is therefore likely to have been built in connection with the planned city of Dresden and the Altmarkt. This would also explain the purely German character of the early church. While the Frauenkirche, responsible for the surrounding Sorbian villages, remained outside the city limits, the Sorbs were forbidden to enter the city without a permit in the early days of the city's history.
In addition to its Slavic character, the suburban trading settlement is also likely to have been shaped by Jews, whose trading activities in the East Franconian-Early German as well as in the Bohemian area have been documented since the second half of the 10th century. From a city topographical point of view, the Jewish synagogue and the later Jüdengasse , like the suburban trading center at the later bread banks, were located in the area that was included in the founding of the city of Dresden, but disrupted the plan structure.
The predecessor of the large Fischergasse will have connected the Elbfurt (ferry station, wooden bridge) with the suburban trading center without its exact course being reconstructed. Since the natural harbor is likely to be older than the Frauenkirche and is also attested to at least 16 years earlier, the church building on the hill near the old trading center should be viewed as secondary. After the church was built, the route centered towards it in a star shape - not only from the Elbe ford, from the port and from the trading center, but also from the direction of Pirna and Ranvoltitz .
Probably after 1170 the Grosse Fischergasse, inhabited by the Sorbs, was then in front of the boundaries of the German settlement Dresdene, which was founded at that time . In 1168, the discovery of solid silver and rich lead ores containing silver on Schüppchenberg in Christiansdorf triggered the first mountain screaming , and in 1169 the Bohemian Academy was relocated from Nisani to Kaditz .
With the construction of the Dresden Elbe Bridge , which was probably also started after 1170 and was first mentioned around 1230 , at that time the longest vault bridge in Europe at around 560 meters, today's Münzgasse lost its function as a long-distance path around 1200. Today the stamping point of the Saxon Way of St. James is located on Frankenstraße directly at Georgentor in a bookshop in the cathedral house on Schloßstraße . Around the same time, the Sorbian settlement around the Frauenkirche had to give up its function as a suburb of the Elbe valley to the newly founded German Newendresden . The eponymous settlement on the other side of the Elbe was henceforth called Altendresden . This toponym comes from the Old Sorbian drežďany (= "swamp" or " alluvial forest inhabitant"). From 1206, the German documentary tradition begins in Dresden.
The building complex of the former Nisan Academy was converted into a hospital with a hostel in front of what was then the city limits, which was given the name Maternihospital . According to documents, this hospital may have been transferred to the Seusslitz Monastery of Clare, together with the patronage of the parish of Dresden, from the Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious in the years 1268 to 1272 . Some historians consider this transfer by Heinrich to be a forgery , others consider a transfer to be possible shortly before the death of the margrave in 1288. This was preceded by an attempt by Margravine Elisabeth von Maltitz to convert the hospital directly in front of what was then Dresden's residence into another Poor Clare monastery. The structural prerequisites for this were given, as the Nisan Academy consisted of a monastery-like community of male teachers and students. However, this project failed due to the energetic resistance of the Dresden citizens, who had already had to cope with a mendicant order with the Franciscan monastery since 1272 at the latest (according to another opinion, before 1265) . Shortly after 1308, the citizens of Dresden also forcibly tore down the house of a Poor Clare convent in the Große Brüdergasse . After the failure of their plan, the Countess Elisabeth von Maltitz presented on 12 June 1288 the Cistercian - Altzella her jointure Lubanycz and Goppil as Seelgerät . The Augustinian order succeeded in establishing a further settlement with the Augustinian monastery on the other side of the Elbe in Altendresden, which was donated and richly endowed in 1404 by Margrave Wilhelm the One-Eyed . The only evidence of the Maternihospital today is the cover plate above the former Materni fountain not far from the Frauenkirche.
The route of the road after the fortification disruption is very controversial. In 1893 Bruno Krause self-published his work The historical development of the Königl. Capital and residence city of Dresden from the Sorbian (Wendish) village to the present city . In his plan sketches he assumed (around) 1206 a Sorbian round between the ferry station and the Frauenkirche, which was opposite the Sorbian round Altendresden . According to him, the former long-distance route led from the ferry station between two Sorbian farmsteads through to the village square and over this to a square east of the Frauenkirche, on which the other routes arrived, including a road from the area where the city was later founded. A round between the Frauenkirche and the Elbe is rather unlikely.
Another plan sketch for the situation (around) 1216 already shows the city next to the assumed Rundling, with only a narrow path leading over a bridge over the water-filled city moat between the Frauenkirche and the city. This representation is unlikely to do justice to the situation that the east-west connection now led through Wilsches Tor and Frauentor. Furthermore, a round shape near the Elbe remains questionable. According to recent research, the settlement around the Frauenkirche had a more pre-urban character and was characterized by the port on the waterway, the Elbfurt and the suburban trading center. It is difficult to make a valid statement about the course of the disused old long-distance route after the disruption caused by the founding of the city. The new course led over the bridge and through gates in and out of the city.
The layout sketch IV has the Sorb Rundling in a loose pile of farms of the fishing community dissolved. A way to the ford no longer exists here. According to this sketch, the Frauenkirche could no longer be reached directly from the Frauentor, but via a detour in the direction of the Rampische Gemeinde . According to this sketch, the fork to Pirna or Ranvoltitz was still east of the Rampic community . According to the more recent opinion, it was very close to the Frauenkirche. The fishing community is also assumed to be much further east, while the women's community is seen around the Frauenkirche .
Modern times
Münzgasse has had this name since 1849 after what was then the only mint in the Kingdom of Saxony . Elector August , who had ruled since 1553 , had a new mint building built at the Elbtor in the immediate vicinity of his residence under the protection of the new fortress walls , because the mint masters in the Freiberg , Annaberg and Schneeberg mints had arbitrarily reduced the fine silver content of the guldengroschen ( Thaler ). In this way he could have the correctness of the shot and grain better monitored.
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On the occasion of the construction of the Catholic Court Church , the mint building at the Elbtor had to give way, which is why a new mint was set up opposite the Frauenkirche between Großer Fischergasse and Salzgasse in 1737 . In 1738 the old mint building at the Elbtor was demolished. The new three-storey building at the "Kasematten" (today's Brühlsche Terrasse ) was given house number 633 at the end of the 18th century and then in 1839 the name An der Frauenkirche 10 . After the establishment of an empire in 1871 , which was mainly forced by Prussia , this main Saxon mint gradually lost its orders and was shut down on February 5, 1887. After its demolition (and that of several neighboring houses), the “ Royal Saxon Art Academy ” was built on its former location in 1894 according to plans by Constantin Lipsius .
In 1556, the year the mint was built, it was initially called newe Fischergasse . It probably got this name from the construction of the fortifications in the 1520s. As a result, on the one hand, the old Sorbian settlement with the Frauenkirche was included in the city of Dresden, on the other hand, this settlement lost its direct access to the Elbe due to the fortifications. The prehistoric connecting route from the old ferry to the Frauenkirche was cut and its length was shortened considerably. The rest was named newe Fischergasse . 1572 the street was first in distinction from the small fishing alley then great Fischergasse called.
It was not until April / June 1843 that the architect Woldemar Hermann created, on behalf of neighboring house owners, such as the hat maker Johann Traugott Borisch, large Fischergasse 6 (since 1849 Münzgasse 6, since 1889 Münzgasse 11), and the locksmith Leopold Häußler, large Fischergasse 7 (ab 1849 Münzgasse 7, from 1888 Terrassengasse 22), again an access from Terrassengasse and Große Fischergasse to the Elbe and at the same time a staircase to Brühl's terrace. These works can be seen in connection with the advent of the Saxon steamship from 1837 on the Elbe. The terrace bank was laid out in 1852.
As a result of the construction work, the Große Fischergasse came out of its blind alley again , but not immediately out of its dirty image and bad reputation , which had developed over a long time in the peripheral area. The wealthy citizens therefore applied for a name change to their street, which was granted six years later in 1849. With such concessions at no cost, the crisis situation in Dresden was also to be eased in this revolutionary year.
Web links
Remarks
- ^ Website of the Saxon Way of St. James on Frankenstraße eV
- ^ Matthias Meinhardt: Dresden in Transition: Space and Population of the City in the Residence Formation Process of the 15th and 16th Century (= Hallische Contributions to the History of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era , Vol. 4) Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 9783050040684 , p. 54 .
- ↑ See history of the Neumarkt on the website of the city of Dresden.
- ^ Stamp offices of the Sächsischer Jakobsweg on Frankenstrasse eV
- ^ Ernst Eichler and Hans Walther : Saxony. All city names and their history. Faber and Faber Verlag, Leipzig 2007, ISBN 978-3-86730-038-4 , p. 54 f.
- ↑ Gustav Adolf Poenicke : album of the manors and castles in the kingdom of Saxony . Volume 2, Meissner Kreis, Seusslitz, expedition of the album Sächsischer Rittergüter and Schlösser, Leipzig 1856, pp. 53–54: The monastery was founded in 1268 and after ten years the construction was completed, for which the citizens of Dresden made twelve silver marks had to contribute, for which support the margrave of the city issued the market tariff. As soon as the nuns took possession of the new monastery, they acquired the right of patronage over the local church from its founder, which Heinrich had given to the Altzelle monastery but exchanged for the benefit of the Clarenkloster. The right of patronage over the Frauenkirche was also assigned to it in 1289 and immediately afterwards the pious sisters received back the Maternihospital in Dresden, which they had recently given to Margravine Helene when she decided to found a Clarenkloster in Dresden.
- ^ Teacher at the 5th district school in Dresden, author of Dresdener ... , holder of the Cross of Honor of the Grand Ducal Tuscan Civil = Order of Merit.
- ↑ The distribution was taken over by the commission publishing house Alwin Huhle , which belonged to Karl Adler's bookstore .
- ↑ The labeling of the sketch IV is incorrect, it is a duplication of the sketch III.
- ↑ See announcement regarding the suspension of various state silver and copper coins from December 19, 1874 on Wikisource.
- ↑ The hat maker Johann Traugott Borisch was the owner of the house at Große Fischergasse 622 from at least 1831 to 1866 , the neighboring house of the corner house, later known as the steamship hotel and famous in Malerblick, at Große Fischergasse 623, from 1839 Große Fischergasse 7, from 1849 Münzgasse 7, from 1888 Terrassengasse 22. A hat maker Ernst Eduard Borisch was mentioned in 1837 and 1838 in the house at Große Fischergasse 622, and from 1839 on, it operated on Hauptstrasse 159 in Neustadt. From at least 1831 bis 1848 the Hatter Johann Gottlieb Boerner worked for Borisch and lived in the home, " two steps " high before 1849 internal Rampeschegasse 3 in the parterre changed its name. In the 1867 address book, Borisch's heirs are named as owners .
- ↑ The locksmith Leopold Haussler / Haussler was at least 1831 bis 1858 Hbs. = Homeowners (in the modern sense owners ) of the (corner) house large Fischergasse 623 (from 1,839 large Fischergasse 7, 1849 Münzgasse 7, 1888 Terrace Lane 22). From 1840 to 1849 the Schenkwirth , former bookbinder and police = Corporal Carl August Otto, managed what would later become the steamship hotel on the ground floor of the corner house and lived " 1 flight up ".
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 10 " N , 13 ° 44 ′ 28.6" E