Synagogues in Dresden

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At the Jüdenhof near the Frauenkirche stood the first Dresden synagogue (top right, circled).
New Synagogue Dresden

The beginnings of the synagogues in Dresden go back to the Middle Ages. The first synagogue at Jüdenhof was first mentioned in 1265, but was later converted into a brewery and demolished for the electoral stable. From 1772 Jewish rooms were again allowed in Dresden , of which there were seven with over three hundred believers at the end of the 18th century and four around 1830, including the prayer room of Philipp Aaron in Zahnsgasse. After the law, the religious practice of the Jews and the acquisition of real estate that was permitted for this end purpose had been passed, the community was able to acquire a plot of land on November 1, 1837 for the construction of a Dresden synagogue . This building by Gottfried Semper was destroyed during the Reichspogromnacht on November 9, 1938.

Between 1950 and 2001 the Jewish services took place in the former mortuary hall at the Jewish cemetery in Fiedlerstrasse . During the reconstruction of the Frauenkirche , the New Synagogue was built on the site of the Semper Synagogue from 1998 to 2001 , with the first groundbreaking and the consecration taking place on November 9th. The synagogue is located on the edge of the old town , between the Jungfernbastei and the Carolabrücke (Hasenberg 1).

Synagogues in Dresden

Jüdenhof synagogue (from 1265 to 1411)

The first Jewish community settled at the Jüdenhof near the Johanneum . The first synagogue in Dresden is mentioned in the Jewish ordinance of the Meissen Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious of 1265. In the chronicles of this time, in addition to the Judengasse, a Jüdenhof is mentioned, where a stately synagogue could be seen. In 1411, on the orders of Frederick the Arguable, the land and property of the Dresden Jews were confiscated. The synagogue becomes the property of the margrave, after which the city of Dresden acquires the sacred building. The Dresden Jüdenhof was named after the Jewish community center that was located here until 1411. A chronicle describes the sacred building converted into a brewery and later demolished as follows:

"From ancient times there was a large house, which was called the 'Judenhof' or, as some would like, the 'Jewish Synagogue', but which was used at any time for a common brewery after the abolition of the Jews and so long one bit the chur- A princely stable was built, because then this house would have to be demolished in order to obtain a free prospect, so that nothing more was left than the fountain and the name of the Jüden-Hof. "

Arnoldische Buchhandlung with Mendel Schie's private synagogue

Private synagogues (from 1772 to 1837)

From 1772, rooms were again permitted in Dresden, but the construction of an official synagogue was prohibited until 1834. As a result, several private synagogues emerged that were more or less able to circumvent the state restrictions, but had no official character. At the end of the 18th century there were seven prayer rooms for over three hundred believers, of which four were private synagogues left in 1830.

  • The best known was that of Mendel Schie . It was in the Arnoldisches Haus at Webergasse No. 2, at the corner of the Altmarkt . This was built shortly after 1500 as a Renaissance building and in 1790 by the builder Christian Traugott Weinlig heightened by two storeys. The synagogue had two floors and had "a solemn and dignified appearance for the time".
  • The Bond synagogue of the SW Bondi , SI Bondi and J. Bondi families
  • The private synagogue of Fr. Aaron and JP Aaron . The prayer room of court factor Philipp Aaron was designed much smaller and simpler and was located on Zahnsgasse in the Schwarzer Adler and could accommodate 51 visitors.
  • The so-called Ollek or Sekkel prayer room. Behind the Frauenkirche was the prayer room of Löb Lekesch , which could accommodate 48 believers.
  • Wolf's private synagogue.
  • Even Michael Kaskel from Bankhaus Kaskel and Itzig Eibeschütz had created prayer rooms, but they were closed soon.

After the law, the religious practice of the Jews and the acquisition of real estate that was permitted for this end purpose had been passed, the community was able to acquire a piece of land on November 1, 1837 for the construction of the Dresden synagogue .

Semper Synagogue, colored engraving by Louis Thümling , around 1865

Old Synagogue (from 1840 to 1938)

The synagogue, built by Gottfried Semper between 1838 and 1840, was destroyed during the Reichspogromnacht in 1938. About 50 meters from the old synagogue, a memorial stele by Friedemann Döhner has been commemorating the destruction since November 8, 1973 .

Synagogue Fiedlerstrasse 3, 1985

Synagogue Fiedlerstrasse 3 (from 1950 to 2001)

Between 1950 and 2001 the Jewish services took place in the former mortuary hall at the Jewish cemetery in Fiedlerstrasse .

New Synagogue (from 2001)

The New Synagogue was completed in 2001 according to plans by the architects Wandel, Hoefer and Lorch + Hirsch and is located at Hasenberg 1 between the Elbe, Pirnaischer Platz and the Frauenkirche . The new building was honored as European Building of the Year in 2002.

literature

  • Hubertus Adam: milestone in the Elbe panorama . In: archithese: design as an obsession . No. 6, 2001, pp. 66-71.
  • Klaus Arlt, Ingrid Ehlers, Alfred Etzold, Kerstin Antje Fahning, Angelika Hergt, Berndt-Lutz Lange, Wolfgang Madai, Reinhard Schmook, Frank Schröder, Heinrich Simon, Cornelia Zimmermann: Evidence of Jewish culture. Memorial sites in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, Berlin, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony and Thuringia. (= Series of publications of the foundation “New Synagogue Berlin - Centrum Judaicum”), Tourist Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-350-00780-5 .
  • Nora Goldenbogen, The Dresden Synagogue - History and Stories , Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin / Teetz 2004, ISBN 978-3-933471-74-1 .
  • Dankwart Guratzsch : Inside the temple a golden tent. In: Die Welt , November 9, 2001.
  • Manuel Herz: The Institutionalized Experiment - Architecture with Jewish Reference in Germany . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , May 21, 2005.
  • Roman Holleinstein: Self-confident monuments - signs of a new bloom of synagogue architecture in Germany. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , May 21, 2005.
  • Gottfried Knapp: A house of prayer for all peoples . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , November 13, 2001.
  • Hannelore Künzl: Islamic style elements in synagogue construction of the 19th and early 20th centuries. (= Judaism and Environment, 9), Verlag Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8034-X , on the Dresden Synagogue pp. 161 to 185.
  • Fritz Löffler: The old Dresden - history of its buildings. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1981, ISBN 3-363-00007-3 , p. 490: Jüdenhof, name after the Jewish community center located here until 1411, residential buildings destroyed in 1945. P. 42, p. 44 ff., P. 63, p. 210, p. 244, p. 276 f., P. 284 f., Image no. 76, image no. 256.
  • DAM Architecture Yearbook 2002. Prestel, Munich 2002.
  • Double destruction - new building for the synagogue in Dresden. In: the building center . Cities booklet Dresden, 5, 2000, pp. 44–46.
  • Synagogue in Dresden . In: Detail : Concept of Sacred Buildings . No. 9, 2004, p. 960 f.

See also

Web links

Commons : Synagogues in Dresden  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Arlt et al., P. 223 f.
  2. ↑ Hagemeyer, p. 20 and p. 227
  3. ↑ Löffler, p. 490
  4. ↑ Arlt et al., P. 223
  5. ↑ Hagemeyer, p. 48 and p. 68
  6. ↑ Löffler, p. 95, image no. 115 (The old market between Weber and Scheffelgasse after 1600) and p. 325 image no. 403 (The Arnoldische Buchhandlung Webergasse 2 with the western part of the Altmarkt)
  7. ↑ a b Hagemeyer, p. 48
  8. ↑ 127,128
  9. ↑ Hagemeyer pp. 12, 22, 48, 108, 127
  10. ↑ Hagemeyer pp. 105, 118, 138, 139
  11. ↑ Hagemeyer pp. 8, 29, 30, 31, 44, 48, 49, 66, 67, 108
  12. ↑ Hagemeyer pp. 3, 44, 48, 49, 66, 67
  13. ↑ Künzl, p. 165
  14. ^ Art in public space . Information brochure of the state capital Dresden, December 1996.

Coordinates: 51 ° 3 '9.5 "  N , 13 ° 44' 48.8"  E