Altendresden

Dresden and the municipality of Altendresden in the 13th century

Dresden and the city of Altendresden in the 16th century

View of Altendresden before 1685

As Altendresden two settlement parts were originally Slavic origin in the Electorate of Saxony left and rechtselbisch in what is now downtown Dresden called. From the 14th century onwards, only the part of the settlement on the right bank of the river was given this name, was granted civil rights and soft image rights in 1403 and was united with Dresden in 1549. This part corresponded roughly to the western half of today's Inner Neustadt in Dresden and was roughly bounded by the Elbe and today's traffic routes Antonstrasse , Bautzner Strasse and Glacisstrasse .

Localization

Both places go back to Slavic settlements that emerged in the 10th and 11th centuries in areas that were considered flood-proof at the time. The oldest settlement centers are assumed to be on the right bank of the Elbe due to archaeological finds in the flood-proof areas between the later Klostergasse and Meißner Gasse. The Klostergasse ran as an extension of today's Grosse Meißner Strasse eastwards to Wiesentorstrasse. It became part of Köpckestrasse in 1976. They are proven for the second part of the settlement on the right bank of the Elbe for the former Kohlmarkt, which was located in the area of the new hotel building of the " Bellevue ".

The settlement on the left Elbe was on the flood-proof hilltop around today's Frauenkirche . Before the construction of the stone bridge over the Elbe (the later Augustus Bridge ), there was a ford between this settlement core and the settlement on the left bank of the Elbe around the medieval Frauenkirche, and later also a ferry connection.

The right Elbe area of Altendresden was first mentioned in 1350 in the feudal book of the Meissnian margrave Friedrich des Strengen as an independent settlement "Alden-Dresden"; further mentions were made in 1370 and 1378.

Reliefs on the former pedestrian tunnel (1976-2016) on Neustädter Markt
Dietrich Nitzsche :
Altendresden around 1640
Vinzenz Wanitschke :
Altendresden around 1700
Egmar Ponndorf :
Dresden and Altendresden in the 18th century

Urban development

On December 21, 1403, Margrave Wilhelm I granted Altendresden on the right-hand side of the Elbe the civil and soft image rights. That was not the full city charter that Dresden had on the other side of the Elbe as a legal city . Due to the proximity to the Dresden Heath, the coat of arms shows a pine and a stag.

In the Middle Ages was in Altendresden a manor, the most Dresdner families belonged, which, however, in 1400 nurmehr a Vorwerk was. In 1404 the Augustinian monastery was founded by Wilhelm I near today's Jägerhof .

Altendresden was detached from the parish of the Frauenkirche after the granting of the soft image rights and received its own parish church, " To the Three Kings ". This was first mentioned in 1421. The center of the place became today's newly created Neustädter Markt . The town hall was on the north side of the market . There were the bread and meat banks where the bakers and butchers could offer their goods for public sale.

Compared to Dresden opposite, Altendresden remained a small and insignificant place that was only fortified with an earth wall. He received a city wall only in the 17th century. Around 1500 only 1000 people lived in the city.

Altendresden in the wars

In 1429 the Hussites destroyed Altendresden. During the Schmalkaldic War , the city was sacked by the troops of the Saxon Elector Johann Friedrich from the Ernestine line , who fought against his Albertine cousin Moritz .

Association with Dresden

On March 29, 1549, Moritz, who had meanwhile been appointed Elector of Saxony, decreed the merger of Dresden and Altendresdens. This happened in the course of the expansion and expansion of the new Saxon residence in Dresden against the resistance of the Altendresdner Council. The Mayor of Dresden, Wolf Fischer, and the town clerk, Johann Prüfer, then traveled to Torgau to persuade the Elector to withdraw his command. Moritz, however, had them both arrested for insubordination and arrested in Schweinitz for a week . After both had vowed not to oppose the order any further, they were released and returned to Dresden. The merger was formally completed on August 18, 1550. In a pardon, the elector released the citizens of Altendresdner from the existing hunting fron and stipulated that two citizens of Altendresden should belong to the Dresden council in the future. Nevertheless, the name "Altendresden" was continued independently until around 1700.

Altendresden then sank almost completely into insignificance as a district of Dresden. The weekly market was moved to the city on the left bank of the Elbe until 1711. From 1568 to 1617 the Jägerhof was built in Altendresden on the area of the Augustinian monastery, which was demolished in 1546. The stones of the monastery were used for the construction of the Dresden fortifications .

Fortifications

The white gate 1811

Christian Gottlob Hammer :
The Black Gate, 1812

In the Middle Ages, Altendresden was only secured by an earth wall, which could be passed through the following entrances: Meißnisches Tor (mentioned in 1453), Rähnitzpforte (1465), Badertor (1477), Breites Tor (1477), Tor am Augustinerkloster (1480) and Wassertor ( 1527). The fortification of Dresden promoted by Elector Moritz should also be extended to Altendresden, but the implementation remained in the beginnings in 1546.

It was not until the events of the Thirty Years' War that the construction of a stone city fortification began on the Altendresdner side of the city from 1632; the fortifications until then consisted primarily of earth walls. The trigger during the Thirty Years' War was that 500 Croatian riders tried in vain on September 30, 1631 to conquer Altendresden. The work was completed by Wolf Caspar von Klengel in 1684. The fortification had the following city gates: Badertor (also Mühl- or Wassertor) in the southwest of the district at the exit of Blockhausgasse, in the west the Leipziger Tor (also Meißner or Weißes Tor) at the later Palaisplatz . The north of the two gatehouse , built by Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer between 1827 and 1829 , still exists today. Further gates were the Rähnitzpforte in the northwest at the end of the Rähnitzgasse, in the northeast the Bautzner Tor (also Black Gate or Lausitzer Tor) at the end of the main street, in the southeast the upper Elb- or Wiesentor at the southern end of the Hospitalstraße and the Jäger- or Wiesentor in South at the end of Wiesentorstrasse. The Weißes and Schwarzes Tor were demolished in the course of Dresden's fortification in 1817, the Jägertor in 1854.

City fire of 1685 and reconstruction

On August 6, 1685, a fire broke out in Altendresden in the home of a cabinet maker in Meißner Gasse. This led to a city fire that destroyed almost all of Altendresden. A total of 336 houses fell victim to the flames, some residential buildings, the Jägerhof and the town hall were spared.

After the destruction, the rebuilding of the district began under Elector Johann Georg III. based on plans by the master builder Wolf Caspar von Klengel . The new building dragged on for several decades and was driven forward by Friedrich August I. The preserved buildings in the baroque district of Königstrasse date from this time . An electoral patent from 1732 named the district under construction "New City near Dresden", from which the name "Neustadt" arose. The central street of the Neustadt was the splendidly built main street that led from the Neustädter Markt to the Black Gate on today's Albertplatz .

literature

Stadtlexikon Dresden A-Z . Verlag der Kunst Dresden 1995, ISBN 3-364-00300-9

Web links

Commons : Altendresden - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Christian Gottlob Hammer (1779–1864): White Gate in Dresden, interior view with a view of the Japanese Palace. Engraving before 1817

Individual evidence

↑ So not the full city charter , see Karlheinz Blaschke : Economy and Constitution . In: History of the City of Dresden. Volume 1: From the beginning to the end of the Thirty Years War. Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, pp. 150–197, here: p. 158. ISBN 3-8062-1906-0 .

^ Robert Mund: Altendresden in the late Middle Ages , in: The city books of Dresden (1404–1535) and Altendresdens (1412–1528), Volume 1, edited by Thomas Kübler, Jens Klingner, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2007, ISBN 9783865832122 . There p. 43, footnote 136, which proves the correct designation.

^ Karlheinz Blaschke : Economy and Constitution . In: History of the City of Dresden. Volume 1: From the beginning to the end of the Thirty Years War. Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, pp. 150–197, here: pp. 158/159. ISBN 3-8062-1906-0 .

^ Robert Mund: Altendresden in the late Middle Ages , in: The city books of Dresden (1404–1535) and Altendresdens (1412–1528), Volume 1, edited by Thomas Kübler, Jens Klingner, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2007, ISBN 9783865832122

[1] So not the full city charter , see Karlheinz Blaschke : Economy and Constitution . In: History of the City of Dresden. Volume 1: From the beginning to the end of the Thirty Years War. Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, pp. 150–197, here: p. 158. ISBN 3-8062-1906-0 .

[2] Robert Mund: Altendresden in the late Middle Ages , in: The city books of Dresden (1404–1535) and Altendresdens (1412–1528), Volume 1, edited by Thomas Kübler, Jens Klingner, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2007, ISBN 9783865832122 . There p. 43, footnote 136, which proves the correct designation.

[Blaschke-3] Karlheinz Blaschke : Economy and Constitution . In: History of the City of Dresden. Volume 1: From the beginning to the end of the Thirty Years War. Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, pp. 150–197, here: pp. 158/159. ISBN 3-8062-1906-0 .

[4] Robert Mund: Altendresden in the late Middle Ages , in: The city books of Dresden (1404–1535) and Altendresdens (1412–1528), Volume 1, edited by Thomas Kübler, Jens Klingner, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2007, ISBN 9783865832122