Eurhynchinae

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Eurhynchinae
Systematics
Order : Beetle (Coleoptera)
Subordination : Polyphaga
Partial order : Cucujiformia
Superfamily : Curculionoidea
Family : Long beetle (Brentidae)
Subfamily : Eurhynchinae
Scientific name
Eurhynchinae
Lacordaire , 1863

The Eurhynchinae are a small subfamily of the beetles (Coleoptera). They belong to the long beetles (Brentidae). About 30 species are known worldwide. There are different views in science about the rank and status of the family.

features

These are small, more or less oval-shaped beetles with oval wing-coverts and a pronotum that is noticeably narrower than this . In some species the body surface is smooth and shiny, in others it is dense and dull. Some species are drawn in striking colors ( aposematism or warning look) or have a metallic sheen.

The Eurhychinae belong to the more basal Curculionoidea with straight, not kneeling antennae ("Orthoceri") and with the more original structure of the male genitals (with Tergit 11 as tectum: "pedotectal"). Other original ( plesiomorphic ) features are movable spurs at the ends of the rails ( tibia ) of the legs and antennae with a loosely articulated, three-part club. The head has a narrow, straight or curved trunk. The labial palps are very small and two-segmented, the maxillary palps three-parted. The mandibles at the tip of the trunk have three strong teeth. The eyes are finely faceted, not covered by a common, smooth cornea as in the Brentidae . The hip cavities of the fore chest are connected to each other. On the abdomen, the abdominal plates ( sternites ) of the first two (visible) segments are placed close together and cannot move against one another, but are separated and not fused by a clearly recognizable seam. The fore tibia have a bristle recess that is used to clean the antennae. A specialty of the females is an eighth sternite that has been transformed into a long spinous process, which is presumably used to support the oviposition. The actual ovipositor is short and membranous.

Most species are noticeable because of the fact that one or two large, needle-like thorns sit on the dorsal side of the wing covers (very conspicuous in the genus Aporhina , e.g. Aporhina australis ). The genus Ctenaphides is unique within the Curculionoidea due to the antennae of the male, the limbs of which have long extensions at the sides ("combed" antennae).

Way of life

Little or nothing is known about the biology of most species. As far as is known, the larvae drill into branches of deciduous trees, Eurhynchus laevior in Persoonia and Aporhina australis in Litsea ( Laurel family ).

Systematics

The status of the Eurhynchinae is controversial. While some scientists see them as a separate family, others see them only as a subfamily of a broad family Brentidae or even just a tribe of the Brentinae. The exact position of the family and their sister group relationship is unclear. In a molecular analysis they grouped within the Brentidae.

The Eurhynchinae comprise only three genera:

distribution

The animals live exclusively in Australia (three genera) and New Guinea (only genus Aporhina with 20 species).

Fossils

One species that was assigned to the Eurhynchinae comes as a compression fossil from limestone of the Cretaceous Santana Formation in Brazil. Another species was found in Botswana.

supporting documents

literature

  • Elwood C. Zimmerman (1994): Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) II (Brentidae, Eurhynchidae, Apionidae) and a Chapter on Immature Stages by Brenda May. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-05146-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b R. Oberprieler (2004): Eurhynchinae Lacordaire, 1863 (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). In: A Sforzi and L Bartolozzi: Brentidae of the World (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Monograph (Turin), 39: 873-903.
  2. ↑ MA Alonso-Zarazaga (2007): On terminology in Curculionoidea (Coleoptera). Boletín Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 40: 210.
  3. ↑ a b R. Oberprieler (2000): The larvae of the weevil tribe Eurhynchini and the phylogeny of the Brentidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), Invertebrate Taxonomy 14 (6): 755 - 770. doi: 10.1071 / IT00032
  4. ↑ MA Alonso-Zarazaga & CHC Lyal (1999): A World Catalog of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) excluding (Scolytidae and Platypodidae). (Entomopraxis). 315 pp. ISBN 978-84-605-9994-4
  5. ^ Rolf G. Oberprieler, Adriana E. Marvaldi, Robert S. Anderson (2007): Weevils, weevils, weevils everywhere. Zootaxa 1668: 491-520
  6. ↑ DD McKenna, AS Sequeira, AE Marvaldi, BD Farrell (2009): Temporal lags and overlap in the diversification of weevils and flowering plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106: 7083-7088.
  7. ↑ Gregory P. Setcliff (2007): Annotated checklist of weevils from the Papuan region (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Zootaxa 1536. 296 pp.
  8. ↑ VV Zherikhin and VG Gratshev (2004): Fossil Curculionoid Beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of Northeastern Brazil. Paleontological Journal, vol. 38, no. 5: 528-537. (Translated from Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, No. 5, 2004, pp. 58-68.)
  9. ↑ AA Legalov (2009): Contribution to the knowledge of the mesozoic Curculionoidea (Coleoptera). Amurian zoological journal 1 (4): 2009. 283-295.