Litsea

Litsea
	Litsea glutinosa , illustration
Systematics
Subdivision :	Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Magnoliids
Order :	Laurels (Laurales)
Family :	Laurel family (Lauraceae)
Genre :	Litsea
Scientific name
	Litsea
	Lam.

Litsea is a genus of plants within the laurel family(Lauraceae). The main distribution area of the 200 to 400 species is in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, some species are found in Australia and from North to South America.

description

Litsea species form evergreen or deciduous, mostly shrubs or, less often, trees. The mostly alternate, rarely opposite or whorled arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. They are not fragrant. The leathery, simple leaf blade is finely veined and rarely shows three main veins. The leaf surface is glabrous or hairy. Domatia are missing.

Litsea species are dioeciously segregated ( dioecious ). The inflorescences appear in front of or with the new leaves. Are individually standing or arranged in groups of cones , Doldige cymes or panicles formed in the leaf axils. The four to six bracts grow in opposite directions and remain on the plant until flowering. The usually six-part perianth tube is long or short, the tepals are arranged in two whorls of three leaves, rarely they are completely absent or eight leaves are formed. They are yellow, green, or white and hairless. The flowers are unisexual. The male flowers usually have nine to twelve, rarely more fertile stamens, which are arranged in three or four whorls of three stamens each. The filaments of the first and second whorls are usually glandless, and two glands are formed at the base of the third and fourth whorls. The anthers point inwards (intrors) and consist of four chambers that are opened by flaps. A rudimentary stamp may be available. The female flowers have the same number of staminodes as the male stamens. The round ovary is on top, the stigma is clearly developed.

The red and round drupes grow in the perianth tube, the perianth tube is more or less enlarged on the fruit, flat, disc-shaped to deeply cup-shaped or unchanged.

distribution

The approximately 200 to 400 species thrive mostly in tropical or subtropical Asia, a few species in Australia and from North America to subtropical South America. 74 species grow in China, 47 of them only there. Four species are found in Mexico, one of which is also found in Costa Rica. One species ( Litsea aestivalis ) is found in the United States.

Systematics and research history

Litsea is a genus of the laurel family (Lauraceae). It was in 1792 by Jean Baptiste de Lamarck Monnet in , Encyclopédie Méthodique Botanique first described . The scientific name is derived from Litsè, the Chinese name of the plant. The genus Litsea is probably polyphyletic , a revision is pending. The species are similar to those of the genus Lindera , they differ from these by the four-chambered anthers, Lindera species form only two chambers. Synonyms of the genus are Iozoste Nees , Sebifera Lour. and Tetranthera Jacq.

The following types are distinguished in the Plant List :

Litsea accedens (flower) Boerl.
Litsea acuminata (Teschner) Kosterm.

Litsea acuminata

Litsea acutivena Hayata : It occurs in Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Taiwan and China.
Litsea aestivalis (L.) Fernald : It occurs in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.
Litsea akoensis Hayata : It occurs in two varieties in Taiwan.
Litsea albescens (Hook. F.) DGLong : It occurs in India, Bhutan and in southeastern Tibet.
Litsea albicans (short) Hook. f.
Litsea ambigua (flower) Boerl.
Litsea apetala (Roxb.) Pers.
Litsea auriculata S.S.Chien & WCCheng : It occurs in Anhui and Zhejiang.
Litsea balansae Lecomte : It occurs in Vietnam and in southern Yunnan.
Litsea baviensis Lecomte : It occurs in northern Thailand, Vietnam and China.
Litsea beilschmiediifolia H.W.Li : It occurs only in southeastern Yunnan.
Litsea biflora H.B.Cui : It occurs only in southeastern Tibet.
Litsea bindoniana (F.Muell.) F.Muell.

Leaves of Litsea bindoniana

Litsea borneensis (Meisn.) Boerl.
Litsea calicaris (Sol. Ex A. Cunn.) Benth. & Hook. f.

Branch with leaves and fruits of Litsea calicaris

Litsea cangyuanensis J.Li & HWLi : It occurs in southwestern Yunnan.
Litsea cauliflora (Moon) Trim.
Litsea chaffonjonii H.Lév.
Litsea chengshuzhii H.B.Cui : It occurs in southeastern Xizang.
Litsea chinensis Lam.
Litsea chinpingensis Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in northwestern and southern Yunnan.
Litsea chunii W.C.Cheng : It occurs in two varieties in southern Gansu, western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan at altitudes between 1500 and 3400 meters.
Litsea citriodora (Siebold & Zucc.) Hatus.
Litsea clarissae (Teschner) Kosterm.
Litsea coelestis H.B.Cui : It occurs only in southeastern Tibet.
Litsea cordata (Jack) Hook. f.
Litsea coreana H.Lév. : It occurs in three varieties in Korea, Japan and China.
Litsea costalis (Nees) Kosterm.
Litsea crassifolia (flower) Boerl.
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. : It occurs in two varieties in southern and southeastern Asia and in China.

Inflorescences of Litsea cubeba

Litsea depressa H.B.Cui : It occurs only in southeastern Tibet.
Litsea dilleniifolia P.Y.Pai & PHHuang : It occurs in southern Yunnan.
Litsea dunniana H.Lév.
Litsea elongata (Nees) Hook. f. : It occurs in three varieties in India, Nepal and China.
Litsea fawcettiana (F. Muell.) Hyland
Litsea firma (flower) Hook. f.
Litsea foveola Kosterm. : It occurs in southwest Guangxi.
Litsea fulva (flower) Villar
Litsea garciae S.Vidal : It occurs in the Philippines and Taiwan.
Litsea glaberrima (Thwaites) trimers
Litsea glaucescens Kunth

Litsea glaucescens

Litsea globosa Kosterm.
Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) CBRob. : It occurs in two varieties in India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and China.

Litsea glutinosa

Litsea gongshanensis H.W.Li : It occurs in Tibet and northwestern Yunnan.
Litsea grandis (Nees) Hook. f.

Litsea grandis

Litsea greenmaniana C.K.Allen : It occurs in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and southern Jiangxi.
Litsea guppyi (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex forman
Litsea hayatae Kaneh. : It occurs in Taiwan at altitudes between 1500 and 2500 meters.
Litsea honghoensis H. Liu : It occurs in southern and southeastern Yunnan at altitudes between 1300 and 2200 meters.
Litsea hunanensis Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in southern Hunan.
Litsea hupehana Hemsl.
Litsea hypophaea Hayata : It occurs in Taiwan.
Litsea ichangensis Gamble : It occurs in southwest and western Hubei, in western Hunan and in eastern and northeastern Sichuan.
Litsea insignis (flower) Boerl.
Litsea iteodaphne (Nees) Hook. f.
Litsea japonica (Thunb.) Jussieu

Litsea japonica

Litsea kingii Hook. f. : It occurs in India, Bhutan, northern Myanmar, Nepal and China.
Litsea kobuskiana C.K.Allen : It occurs in northern Guangxi and southern Guizhou.
Litsea kwangsiensis Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in southern Guangxi.
Litsea kwangtungensis Hung T.Chang : It occurs in central and southern Guangdong.
Litsea laeta (Nees) Hook. f.
Litsea lancifolia (Roxb. Ex Nees) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Villar : It occurs in three varieties in Bhutan, India, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and China.
Litsea lancilimba Merr. : It occurs in Laos, Vietnam and China.
Litsea lanuginosa (Nees) Nees
Litsea leefeana (F.Muell.) Merr.
Litsea leiantha (short) Hook. f.
Litsea liboshengii H.B.Cui : It occurs in southeastern Xizang.
Litsea ligustrina (Nees) Kosterm.
Litsea litseifolia (CKAllen) Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in southern Hainan.
Litsea liyuyingii H.Liu : It occurs in southern Yunnan.
Litsea longifolia (Nees) trim
Litsea longipes (Meisn.) Hook. f.
Litsea longistaminata (H.Liu) Kosterm. : It occurs in Vietnam, southern Yunnan and south-eastern Tibet.
Litsea luzonica (flower) Villar
Litsea machiloides Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in western Guangdong.
Litsea mairei H.Lév.
Litsea martabanica (short) Hook. f. : It occurs in Thailand, Myanmar and in southern and southwestern Yunnan.
Litsea mishmiensis Hook. f.
Litsea mollis (flower) Boerl. : It occurs in northern Thailand and China.
Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. : It occurs in India, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam and in China.

Illustration to Litsea monopetala

Litsea morrisonensis Hayata : It occurs in Taiwan at altitudes between 1000 and 2800 meters.
Litsea moupinensis Lecomte : It occurs in two varieties in Sichuan.
Litsea Muelleri Rehder
Litsea myricopsis H.Lév.
Litsea myristicifolia (Nees) Hook. f.
Litsea neesiana (shower) Hemsl.
Litsea nemoralis (Thwaites) Trimen
Litsea nigricans (Meisn.) Boerl.
Litsea nitida (Roxb.) Hook. f.
Litsea nuculanea (short) Hook. f.
Litsea oblonga (Nees) Hook. f.
Litsea oligophlebia Hung T.Chang : It occurs in southern Guangxi.
Litsea ovalifolia (Wight) trimen
Litsea palmatinervia (Meisn.) Drake
Litsea panamanja (Buch.-Ham. Ex Nees) Hook. f. : It occurs in India, Nepal, Bhutan, northern Vietnam, southeastern Guangxi and southern Yunnan.
Litsea parvifolia (Hemsl.) Mez
Litsea pedunculata (Diels) Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in two varieties in Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan in southern Jiangxi, Sichuan and in Yunnan.
Litsea perrottetii (Blume) Fern.-Vill.
Litsea pierrei Lecomte
Litsea pittosporifolia Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in western Guangdong.
Litsea populifolia (Hemsl.) Gamble : It occurs in Sichuan, Xizang and northeastern Yunnan.

Litsea populifolia

Litsea pseudoelongata H.Liu : It occurs in southern Guangdong, in Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan.
Litsea pungens Hemsl. : It occurs in China at altitudes between 800 and 2300 meters.
Litsea rangoonensis (Meisn.) Hook. f.
Litsea reticulata (Meisn.) F. Muell.

Seedlings of Litsea reticulata

Leaves and fruits of Litsea wightiana

Litsea rotundifolia Hemsl. : It occurs in three varieties in Vietnam and in China.
Litsea rubescens Lecomte : It occurs in two varieties in Chongqing, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, in southern Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet and Yunnan.
Litsea salicifolia (Roxburgh ex Nees) Hook. f. : It occurs in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Vietnam and in China.
Litsea saligna (Nees) NPBalakr.
Litsea seemannii (Meisn.) Drake
Litsea semecarpifolia (Wall. Ex Nees) Hook. f. : It occurs in eastern Bangladesh, Myanmar, northern Thailand and southern and southwestern Yunnan.
Litsea sericea (Wall. Ex Nees) Hook. f. : It occurs in India, Nepal and China.
Litsea sinoglobosa J.Li & HWLi : It occurs in northern Guangdong and southern Hunan.
Litsea subcoriacea Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in northern Guangdong, northern Guangxi, southeastern Guizhou, western Hunan and northeastern Zhejiang.
Litsea suberosa Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in northern Guangdong, western Hubei, Hunan and southern Sichuan.
Litsea subumbelliflora (flower) Ng
Litsea szemaois (H.Liu) J.Li & HWLi : It occurs in southern Yunnan.
Litsea taronensis H.W.Li : It occurs in northwestern Yunnan.
Litsea tibetana Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in southeastern Xizang.
Litsea tsinlingensis Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in southeastern Gansu, in Henan, in southwestern Shaanxi and in southwestern Shanxi.
Litsea umbellata (Lour.) Merr. : It occurs in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and in Guangxi and Yunnan.
Litsea utilis (Meisn.) Boerl.
Litsea vang Lecomte : It occurs in two varieties in Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and in western Yunnan.
Litsea variabilis Hemsl. : It occurs in two varieties in Laos, in northern Thailand, in Vietnam and in China.
Litsea varians (Blume) Boerl.
Litsea veitchiana Gamble : It occurs in two varieties in Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan and in northwestern Yunnan at altitudes between 400 and 3800 meters.
Litsea velutina (flower) Hook. f.
Litsea verticillata Hance : It occurs in Cambodia, northeastern Thailand, Vietnam and China.
Litsea verticillifolia Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in southern Hainan.
Litsea viridis H. Liu : It occurs in Vietnam and in southeastern Yunnan.
Litsea vitiana (Meisn.) Drake
Litsea walkeri (Meisn.) Trimen
Litsea wightiana (Nees) Hook. f.
Litsea wilsonii Gamble : It occurs in Guizhou and Sichuan.
Litsea yaoshanensis Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in northern Guangxi.
Litsea yunnanensis Yen C.Yang & PHHuang : It occurs in Vietnam, Guangxi and southeastern Yunnan.

literature

Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 7: Menispermaceae through Capparaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8 , pp. 118 (English).
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 (English).

Web links

Commons : Litsea - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz Puhua Huang, Jie Li, Xi-wen Li, Henk van der Werff: Litsea , p. 118 - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of China , Volume 7.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Henk van der Werff: Litsea , in Flora of North America. Volume 3.
^ Litsea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 22, 2013.
^ Litsea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ Litsea. In: The Plant List. Retrieved September 22, 2013 .

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz Puhua Huang, Jie Li, Xi-wen Li, Henk van der Werff: Litsea , p. 118 - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of China , Volume 7.

[FoNA-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Henk van der Werff: Litsea , in Flora of North America. Volume 3.

[Tropicos-3] Litsea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 22, 2013.

[GRIN-4] Litsea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[PlantList-5] Litsea. In: The Plant List. Retrieved September 22, 2013 .