Lindera
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Lindera , also known as fever bush , is a genus of plants withinthe laurel family (Lauraceae). The 100 or so species are mainly found in Asia.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Lindera species are woody plants. Their leaves are alternate to opposite and are usually pinnately veined, more rarely with three main veins.
Generative characteristics
The inflorescences are pseudo umbels consisting of 3 to 15 flowers , which in turn are in an occasionally crowded cluster . They stand on short shoots or are mounted. Prior to flowering the inflorescence is bracts accompanied that are cross-earth and are often resistant.
The flowers are threefold or irregularly built and sexually separated. They have up to six identical bracts , but these can also be completely absent or fall off during the flowering period. The male flowers have 9 to 15 fertile stamens , on the innermost stamen circle there are glands at the base of the stamens . Usually the stamens are longer than the anthers , which in turn consist of two chambers and are directed inwards or to the side. The stunted ovary is very fine or nonexistent. The flower base is small and flat. The female flowers have a variable number of staminodes and only have a weakly pronounced flower base.
The fruit is provided with a small fruit cup or stands freely on a thickened stem. The bracts are usually not permanent on the fruits.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Lindera was established in 1783 by Carl Peter Thunberg . The generic name Lindera honors the Swedish doctor and botanist Johan Linder (1676-1723).
Most Lindera species are found in Asia , two species come from North America , and one comes from Australia .
The genus Lindera belongs to the tribe Laureae within the laurel family (Lauraceae). An inquiring division of the genus divides it into eight sections, but combined molecular biological and morphological investigations have shown that the genus Lindera is not monophyletic in the classically recognized extent .
Selection of sections and types (according to):
- Section Aperula
(flower) Benth.
- Lindera latifolia Hook. f. : It is common in India , Bangladesh , North Vietnam and Yunnan, and Tibet .
- Lindera longipedunculata C.K. Allen : It is common in Yunnan and Tibet.
- Lindera metcalfiana C.K.Allen : It is widespread in China and North Vietnam.
- Section Cupuliformes H.P.Tsui
- Lindera megaphylla Hemsl. : It is common in China and Taiwan.
- Section Daphnidium (Nees) Benth.
- Lindera chunii Merr. : It is common in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong , Giangxi and Hainan .
- Lindera pulcherrima (Nees) Hook. f. : It is common in Sikkim , Bhutan , Nepal and China.
- Lindera villipes H.P.Tsui : It is common in Yunnan and Tibet.
- Section Lindera
- Lindera kariensis W.W.Sm. : It thrives only in western Yunnan at altitudes of 2,700 to 3,700 meters.
- Lindera reflexa Hemsl. : It is common in China.
- Section Palminerviae Meisn.
- Blunt-lobed fever bush ( Lindera obtusiloba flower ): It is distributed in two varieties in China, Korea, India, Bhutan, Nepal and Japan.
- Section Polyadenia (Nees) Benth.
- Lindera communis Hemsl. : It is common in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand , Myanmar , Japan, Taiwan and China.
- Lindera neesiana (Wallich ex Nees) Short (Syn .: Lindera fruticosa Hemsl. ): It is widespread in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and China.
Other types (without assignment to a section):
- Lindera angustifolia W.C.Cheng : It is common in China and Korea.
- Fragrant fever shrub ( Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume ): It is common in eastern and central North America from Canada to Texas and Florida . The bark of this species was previously used as an antipyretic (hence the common name fever shrub).
- Early febrile shrub ( Lindera praecox (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume ): It is common in China and Japan.
- Lindera sericea (Siebold & Zucc.) Flower : It is common in Japan and Korea.
- Lindera triloba flower : It occurs in Japan.
- Lindera umbellata Thunb. : It occurs on the Japanese islands of Hokkaidō and Honshu .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Jie Li, John G. Conran, David C. Christophe, Zhi-Ming Li, Lang Li, Hsi-Wen Li: Phylogenetic Relationships of the Litsea Complex and Core Laureae (Lauraceae) using ITS and ETS Sequences and Morphology , In : Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Vol. 95, No. 4, 2008. pp. 580-599, DOI: 10.3417 / 2006125.9504 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Hongbin Cui, Henk van der Werff: Lindera Thunberg. , P. 142 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 7 - Menispermaceae through Capparaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Lindera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
- ^ A b Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
Historical literature
- Jens G. Rohwer: Lauraceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki, Jens G. Rohwer, Volker Bittrich (Eds.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Volume 2: Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons, Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 1993, ISBN 3-540-55509-9 , p. 389.
- Otto Warburg : The flora. Volume 2, page 52. Leipzig, Bibliographisches Institut 1923.
