European cave salamanders

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European cave salamanders
Systematics
without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order : Tail amphibian (caudata)
Superfamily : Salamander relatives (Salamandroidea)
Family : Lungless salamanders (Plethodontidae)
Subfamily : Forest salamander (Plethodontinae)
Genre : European cave salamanders
Scientific name
Hydromantes
Gistel , 1848

The genus Hydromantes , also known as European cave salamanders or in English as web-toed salamanders , is a genus of lungless salamanders. It consists of 13 species that are found in Europe and North America. The taxonomic status of their subgenera is controversial.

Taxonomy

Gené's Cave Salamander ( Atylodes genei )
Mount Lyell Salamander ( Hydromantes platycephalus )
Italian cave salamander ( Hydromantes italicus )
Monte Albo Cave Salamander ( Hydromantes flavus )

The genus was established in 1848 by Gistel , who also described the subgenus Hydromantes in 1843 and the subgenus Atylodes in 1868 . In 1984 Dubois established the subgenus Speleomantes for the European representatives of the genus. In more recent times, the sub-genus Speleomantes is often discarded and the representatives are simply assigned to the genus Hydromantes . The Genés Cave Salamander is sometimes placed in its own genus Atylodes , but is often also assigned to the subgenus Speleomantes or Hydromantes or placed in its own subgenus Atylodes . The name European cave salamander is misleading as the genus Hydromantes is also found in North America.

distribution

The five North American representatives of the genus are endemic to Northern California . The Italian cave salamander , Ambrosis cave salamander and the Ligurian cave salamander colonize mainland Europe from the extreme south-east of France via Liguria to central Italy . The other five species have small, separated areas of distribution in Sardinia .

species

Danger

The IUCN lists most species as not endangered, potentially endangered, or endangered. Only the Sopramonte cave salamander is classified as endangered.

literature

  • Dieter Glandt: The amphibians and reptiles of Europe: All kinds in portrait. 2nd, updated and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2015, ISBN 978-3-494-01581-1 .
  • Axel Kwet: Reptiles and Amphibians of Europe. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10237-8 .
  • Andreas Nöllert, Christel Nöllert: The amphibians of Europe. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-440-06340-2 .
  • Stephen M. Deban, James C. O'Reilly, Ursula Dicke, Johan L. van Leeuwen: Extremely high-power tongue projection in plethodontid salamanders. In: Journal of Experimental Biology. Volume 210, 2007, pp. 655-667, doi: 10.1242 / jeb.02664 .
  • Irma Nardi, Renata Batistoni, Silvia Marracci, Benedetto Lanza: Repetitive DNA components of the large Hydromantes genome: Phylogenetic and molecular aspects. In: Herpetologica. Vol. 55, No. 2, 1999, pp. 131-139.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pierre-André Crochet: Nomenclature of European Plethodontid salamanders: Speleomantes Dubois, 1984 has precedence over Atylodes Gistel, 1868. In: Amphibia-Reptilia. Volume 28, No. 1, 2007, pp. 170-172, doi: 10.1163 / 156853807779799063 ( PDF ).
  2. ↑ List of species of the genus Hydromantes in Amphibiaweb
  3. ↑ Speleomantes in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2020. Accessed on August 20, 2020.