Euxoa eruta

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Euxoa eruta
Euxoa eruta.jpg

Euxoa eruta

Systematics
Subfamily : Noctuinae
Tribe : Agrotini
Sub tribus : Agrotina
Genre : Euxoa
Subgenus : Euxoa
Type : Euxoa eruta
Scientific name
Euxoa eruta
( Huebner , 1827)

Euxoa eruta (formerly partly Euxoa tritici ) is a species of butterfly ( moth ) fromthe owl butterfly family . It is one of three species of the narrower E. tritici complex whose taxonomic status as bona species has been questioned and z. T. still will. The species was earlier z. Sometimes also under the common German name wheat owl.

features

The moths have a wingspan of 33 to 34 millimeters. The basic color of the front wings is dark brown to dark gray. Due to the taxonomic uncertainty, the range of variation in the basic coloration of the forewings has not yet been established. Ring and kidney defects are often clearly drawn light and have dark edges. The leading edge and blemishes are often dusted white. Inner and outer transverse line as well as the wavy line are recognizable, but mostly blurred. The hind wings are whitish with a more or less broad brown border. The males have relatively short, comb-like antennae, the females have thread-shaped antennae.

The egg is yellow-white and has no surface ribs.

The caterpillar is brown to dark brown with a light topline.

The doll is red-brown; the cremaster is studded with two short thorns.

Similar species

The three types of the narrower E. tritici complex, i.e. H. E. nigrofusca , E. tritici and E. eruta are very similar and can usually only be distinguished by genital morphological examinations . And even that is doubted.

  • E. aquilina , the sawtooth-like antennae of the males have longer teeth than the antennae of the male moths of E. nigrofusca , E. tritici and E. eruta .
  • E. tritici , is smaller and darker than E. eruta , shorter and wider forewings with a slightly purple tint
  • E. nigrofusca , the caterpillars are slightly smaller and lighter than E. eruta , the butterflies are slightly lighter in basic color with more brown tones, the drawing is more contrasting

The three other species of the E. tritici complex ( E. montivaga , E. segnilis and E. diaphora ) do not occur in Central Europe .

Geographical distribution and habitat

Euxoa tritici occurs in Europe from England to the Urals , in the north from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean area . The exact area is so far unknown due to the often lacking differentiation to Euxoa nigrofusca and Euxoa tritici . In the east the distribution area extends to Turkey , Western Siberia and the Altai . The species occurs on sandy heathland . In the Alps it rises up to 1600 m.

Way of life

Euxoa eruta forms one generation per year whose moths fly in July and August. The caterpillars feed on various grasses and herbaceous plants .

Systematics and nomenclature

The species was listed with uncertain status until 1993 (f. Or bona species). Until then it was mostly used as a synonym for E. tritici auct. considered. In 1997, Michael Fibiger found differences in the male and female genital apparatus compared to Euxoa nigrofusca and Euxoa tritici . Since then it has been considered a "bona species" again, one of three species of the narrower E. tritici complex. The nomenclature of the other two species is complicated.

When examining the type specimen (lectotype) of the species established by Carl von Linné as Phalaena Noctua tritici , it turned out that this specimen is identical to Euxoa crypta Dadd, 1927, i. This means that the name tritici Linnaeus, 1761, is now the valid name of the species which the authors usually call E. crypta .

The oldest available name for the species, which has been incorrectly referred to as Euxoa tritici in the literature , is Phalaena Noctua nigrofusca Esper , 1788, which in the combination Euxoa nigrofusca is the valid name of Euxoa tritici auct. is.

Marko Mutanen, on the other hand, did not find any significant differences in quantitative morphometric examinations of the male and female genital apparatus of the further E. tritici complex and concluded that probably some, if not all species of the E. tritici complex (ie E. nigrofusca , E. tritici , E. eruta , E. montivaga , E. segnilis and E. diaphora ) must be synonymous.

Danger

Due to the difficult situation of taxonomy , the risk potential of this species is difficult to assess. Basically, it can only be given for the E. tritici complex as a whole. The constantly fluctuating population sizes of this species (s) have decreased noticeably in recent years. Nevertheless, they are / will not be classified as endangered.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fibiger (1990: pp. 37–38) (pp. 32–37 Description of E. "tritici" = Euxoa nigrofusca : there differences between the species mentioned)
  2. ↑ a b Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 8)
  3. ↑ a b Marko Mutanen: Delimitation difficulties in species splits: a morphometric case study on the Euxoa tritici complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Systematic Zoology, 30: 632-643, 2005 doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-3113.2005.00296.x
  4. ↑ Gernot Embacher: The species of the Euxoa tritici (LINNAEUS, 1761) - group in Salzburg (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Association of Austrian Entomologists , 51: 9-14, Vienna 1999 PDF
  5. ↑ a b c Fibiger (1997: p. 55/6)
  6. ↑ Michael Fibiger and Hermann Hacker: Systematic List of the Noctuidae of Europe. Corrigenda et Addenda II. Esperiana series of books on entomology. 6: 9-40, Schwanfeld 1998, ISBN 3-9802644-5-9
  7. ↑ > Hermann Hacker: The types of EJ CH. Esper (1742–1810) in his Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) described in his “The butterflies in images from nature”. Esperiana, Entomology book series, Vol. 6: 433-468, Schwanfeld 1998, ISBN 3-9802644-5-9
  8. ↑ Red lists at Science4you

literature

  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 7, Nachtfalter V (Eulen (Noctuidae) 3rd part), Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-800-13500-0
  • Michael Fibiger: noctuinae I . In: WG Tremewan (Ed.): Noctuidae Europaeae . 1st edition. tape 1 . Entomological Press, Sorø 1990, ISBN 87-89430-01-8 (English).
  • Michael Fibiger: Noctuinae III. - Noctuidae Europaeae, Volume 3. Entomological Press, Sorø 1997, ISBN 8-789-43005-0
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .

annotation

  1. ↑ Based on the two butterflies shown in Fibiger (1990)

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