Evergestis frumentalis

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Evergestis frumentalis
Evergestis frumentalis

Evergestis frumentalis

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Crambidae
Subfamily : Evergestinae
Genre : Evergestis
Type : Evergestis frumentalis
Scientific name
Evergestis frumentalis
( Linnaeus , 1761)

Evergestis frumentalis is a butterfly from the family of Crambidae . The species is widespread in Europe and Western Asia.

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 29 to 35 millimeters. The basic color of the forewings is white, but densely dusted with a pattern of light yellowish and brownish scales . The front transverse line in the basic color runs diagonally and is strongly serrated. The outer edge is usually lined with dark brown. The outer transverse line is formed by a series of egg-shaped spots separated from each other by the dark veins . The spots are initially dark on the outer edge, but then lined again with light, with the hem forming a somewhat irregular transverse line. White spots form a mostly interrupted wavy line. The fringes are colored alternately white and brown, although the white parts are usually a bit narrower. The hind wings are whitish, darkly dusty along the veins. In the outer quarter there is a toothed, whitish line and an arrow starting from the tornus. The fringes are patterned like the front wings. Regarding the range of the species, the specimens from the west (France and Spain) are darker than the specimens from Eastern Europe, which are more yellowish.

Occurrence and habitat

The species is widespread in Europe from the Iberian Peninsula in the west, across southern, central and central Europe, southern Fennoscandia to central Asia and southern Siberia ( Buryatia ). It is also found in Asia Minor and the Caucasus region. It is absent in the British Isles and the Netherlands . Evergestis frumentalis occurs relatively frequently in open landscapes, grassy hilly landscapes, on road embankments and on ruderal areas .

Phenology and way of life

The moths fly in two generations in April and August. They are easily scared off during the day and come to light at night. The oligophagous caterpillars feed in loose webs on the underside of the leaves of field mustard ( Sinapis arvensis ), woad ( Isatis tinctoria ), common broom mustard ( Descourainia sophia ) and other cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae). The second generation caterpillars overwinter in a cocoon in the ground and only pupate in the next spring.

Taxonomy

The species was first scientifically described by Carl von Linné in 1761 under the name Phalaena Pyralis frumentalis . However, the species was also described under other names, which are therefore more recent synonyms of Evergestis frumentalis : Phalaena Pyralis secalis Linné, 1767, Pyralis triquetralis Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775, Orobena implicalis Guenée, 1854, Botys frumentalis var. Australis Bienert, 1868, Orobena frumentalis asiaticalis Ragonot, 1894 and Evergestis frumentalis var. Espanalis Schawerda, 1926.

Currently the species is divided into two subspecies , the nominate subspecies Evergestis frumentalis frumentalis in Western, Southern and Central Europe and Evergestis frumentalis asiaticalis Ragonot, 1894. The nominate subspecies is somewhat darker than the eastern Evergestis frumentalis asiaticalis . This occurs in Asia and Eastern Europe to Romania.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ AA Shodotova: Pyralid moths (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) of Buryatia: Family Pyraustidae. Entomological Review, 88 (5): 543-557, 2008 [1]

literature

  • Barry Goater, Matthias Nuss & Wolfgang Speidel: Pyraloidea I (Crambidae: Acentropinae, Evergestinae, Heliothelinae, Schoenobiinae, Scopariinae) . - In: P. Huemer & O. Karsholt (eds.): Microlepidoptera of Europe 4: 1-304, Apollo Books, Stenstrup (2005) ISBN 87-88757-33-1
  • František Slamka: The common moth (Pyraloidea) of Central Europe: determination - distribution - flight area - way of life of the caterpillars . 2nd partially revised edition 112 pp., Bratislava (1997) ISBN 80-967540-2-5

Web links

Commons : Evergestis frumentalis  - collection of images, videos and audio files