Fıstıklı Höyük

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Coordinates: 36 ° 59 '44.4 "  N , 37 ° 58' 39.8"  E

Relief Map: Turkey
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Fıstıklı Höyük​
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Turkey

Fıstıklı Höyük (pronunciation [fɯstɯclɯ højyc]; Turkish: hill with pistachios) is a settlement hill in southeast Turkey, province of Şanlıurfa , district of Birecik . It was settled in the late Neolithic / Chalcolithic and, after a long break in the Roman- Hellenistic period, was used as a cemetery.

Excavation history

In 1989 an archaeological survey was carried out under the direction of Guillermo Algazes as a preparatory measure for the Karkemış Dam and the Birecik Dam . In the course of this survey, Fıstıklı Höyük was discovered as one of two Halaf-era settlement mounds .

In 1998 Susan Pollock and Reinhard Bernbeck visited the hill. They conducted a survey and made a test section to assess whether it was worth digging.

The first regular excavation was carried out in the summer of 1999. The excavation activity focused on the summit and the western part of the hill (Unit A, B, D & E). However, test cuts were also made in the north (Unit C & G) and in the east (Unit F). In the following summer of 2000, the last dig was carried out for the time being. This concentrated mainly on the north of the settlement hill (Unit H, I and K). But digging continued in the center of the hill (Unit L).

Settlement history

Halaf time

The Halaf period settlement dates between around 5850 and 5750 cal. BCE, so it was inhabited for between 100 and 150 years. It can be described as a small settlement, as there were never more than a maximum of five residential buildings at the same time. Phases IV, IIIc, IIIb, IIIa and IIIx date from this time.

No architecture was found in the oldest phases IV and IIIc. There are only a few pits in IIIc.

Phases IIIb and IIIa comprise two colonization phases with the tholoi typical of the Halaf period . In phase IIIb a garbage dump was created in the east and in phase IIIa there are several free-standing ovens in the north. Apart from that, the two phases look very similar; free-standing tholoi with small rectangular storage structures and a large free space in between. In the northeast of the settlement there were two earthworks whose function is not clear, but which are interpreted as protection against flooding.

Phase IIIx describes a not very clearly understandable sequence of layers after colonization. However, it stands to reason that it was a settlement on the ruins.

Hellenistic / Roman times

Phases II and I are about some pits, graves and a mud brick wall from the Hellenistic and Roman times. Due to the sparse furnishings of the graves, a more precise dating is not possible. The 27 graves contain 29 people, all of whom were equipped with only a few accessories. Only one grave stands out with its stone grave architecture.

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ Guillermo Algaze: The Tigris-Euphrates archaeological reconnaissance project: Final report of the Birecik and Carchemish Dam survey area. 1994.
  2. ^ Susan Pollock & Reinhard Bernbeck: Fıstıklı Höyük 1998: Systematic Survey and sounding. 1999
  3. ↑ Susan Pollock et al .: Excavations at Fıstıklı Höyük 1999. 2001, pp. 40–43.
  4. ^ Susan Pollock et al .: Priliminary Report on the 2000 Season at Fıstıklı Höyük. 2001, pp. 27-28.
  5. ^ Bernbeck & Pollock: The Summer 2000 at Fıstıklı Höyük 2001.
  6. ↑ Campbell: Rethinking Halaf Chronologies. 2007, pp. 117-118.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Bernbeck et al .: The Biography of an early Halaf Village: Fıstıklı Höyük 1999 - 2000. 2003, pp. 23-25.

literature

  • Guillermo Algaze, Ray Breuninger and James Knudstad: The Tigris-Euphrates archaeological reconnaissance project: Final report of the Birecik and Carchemish Dam survey area In: Anatolica. Annueaire international pour les civilizations de L'Asie Antérieure. Vol. 20, 1994. pp. 1-66.
  • Reinhard Bernbeck and Susan Pollock: The Summer 2000 at Fıstıklı Höyük In: Neo-Lithics 1/01. A Newsletter of Southwestern Asian Lithics Research. 2001. pp. 1-3.
  • Reinhard Bernbeck, Susan Pollock, San Allen, Ana Gabriela Castro Gressner, Sarah Kielt Costello, Robert Costello, Melissa Foree, Margarita Y. Gleba, Marie Goodwin, Sarah Lepisnki, Carolyn Nakamaru and Sarah Niebuhr: The Biography of an early Halaf Village: Fıstıklı Höyük 1999 - 2000. In: Istanbuler Mitteilungen. Vol. 53, 2003. pp. 9-77.
  • Stuart Campbell: Rethinking Halaf Chronologies. In: Paléorient. Vol. 33, No. 1. 2007, 103-136.
  • Susan Pollock and Reinhard Bernbeck: Fıstıklı Höyük 1998: Systematic Survey and sounding In: Ilisu ve Karkemiş Baraj Gölleri Altında Kalacak Arjeoloji Kültür Varlıklarını Kurtarma Projesi 1998 Yılı Calısmaları / Salvage Activities of the Archaeological and Heritage of the Ilemishu 1998 Pp. 81-95.
  • Susan Pollock, Reinhard Bernbeck, Susan Allen, Ana Gabriela Castro Gressner, Robert Castello, Sarah Kiel Castello, Melissa Foree, Sarah Lepisnki, Sarah Niebuhr: Excavations at Fıstıklı Höyük. 1999. In: Ilisu ve Karkemiş Baraj Gölleri Altında Kalacak Arjeoloji Kültür Varlıklarını Kurtarma Projesi 1999 Yılı Calısmaları / Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of Ilɪsu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs Arctivities in 1999. 2001. pp. 39–65.
  • Susan Pollock, Reinhard Bernbeck, Ana Gabriela Castro Gressner, Robert Costello, Sarah Kielt Costello, Melissa Foree, Sarah Lepinski, Sarah Niebuhr, Marie Goodwin, Peter Horan, Carolyn Nakamaru and Rasmi Shoocongdej: Priliminary Report on the 2000 Season at Fıstıklı Höyük. In: Ilisu ve Karkemiş Baraj Gölleri Altında Kalacak Arjeoloji Kültür Varlıklarını Kurtarma Projesi 2000 Yılı Calısmaları / Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of Ilɪsu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs Arctivities in 2000. 2001. pp. 1–39.

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