Facelinidae

Facelinidae
Facelina rubrovittata
Systematics
Superordinate : Heterobranchia Order : Hind gill snails (Opisthobranchia) Subordination : Nudibranchia (Nudibranchia) Partial order : Thread snails (Aeolidida) Superfamily : Aeolidioidea Family : Facelinidae
Scientific name
Facelinidae
d'Orbigny , 1834

The Facelinidae are a family of thread snails in the subordination of the nudibranchs . They are mostly small to medium-sized, exclusively marine, shell -less snail species that mainly eat hydrozoans .

features

The Facelinidae have long, flexible mouth feelers and conspicuous antennae on the propodium. The antennae above the head, the rhinophores , are usually lamellar, sometimes warty and rarely smooth. The back is covered with groups of Cerata , into which, as with other thread snails, foothills of the midgut gland lead, which branch out irregularly. The runners end in so-called nettle sacks, also known as cnido sacks, in which the nettle capsules of the cnidarians that are eaten are stored and serve to defend the snails against predators.

The teeth of the single-row radula have a protruding cusp and a series of teeth. The jaws can have a smooth edge or they can have a series of teeth. The anus opens between the foremost rows of the cerata on the right side of the body, into which the branches of the anterior left lobe of the midgut gland lead.

Like other thread snails, the Facelinidae are hermaphrodites . The penis is mostly unarmed, and in a few cases has spikes or hooks. The snails usually have one receptaculum seminis , sometimes two. The snails mate with each other and lay their eggs in long egg strings, in whose transparent shell you can see the numerous eggs. Numerous Veliger larvae hatch from these, feed on plankton and after a long pelagic phase they metamorphose into small thread snails .

The Facelinidae eat cnidarians, especially hydrozoan polyps. Some also eat other nudibranchs.

Some types

The Facelinidae include the Drummonds thread snail ( Facelina bostoniensis ), the Favorinus thread snail ( Favorinus branchialis ), the black - spotted thread snail ( Caloria elegans ), the wandering thread snail ( Cratena peregrina ) and the great orange-red thread snail ( Dondice banyis ).

Systematics

According to Bouchet and Rocroi (2005), the Facelinidae family is one of four families in the superfamily Aeolidioidea . They divide the family into five subfamilies:

• Facelininae Bergh, 1889 - Synonyms: Caloriidae Odhner, 1968; Phidianidae Odhner, 1968; Pruvotfoliinae Tardy, 1970
  • Facelina Alder & Hancock, 1855
  • Caloria Trinchese, 1888
  • Facelinopsis
  • Pruvotfolia Tardy, 1969
    • Pruvotfolia pselliotes
  • Moridilla Bergh, 1888 with the only species Moridilla brockii is a dubious name (nomen dubium).
• Babakininae Roller , 1973 - Synonym: Babainidae Roller, 1972 (homonym, invalid)
  • Babakina Roller, 1973 - Synonym: Babaina Roller, 1972 (homonym, invalid)
• Crateninae Bergh, 1889 - Synonym: Rizzoliinae Odhner, 1939 (inv.)
  • Amanda Macnae, 1954
  • Cratena Bergh, 1864
• Favorininae Bergh, 1889 - Synonyms: Myrrhinidae Bergh, 1905; Phyllodesmiinae Thiele, 1931; Facalaninae He. Marcus, 1958
  • Dicata Schmekel, 1967
  • Dondice Marcus, 1958
  • Favorinus ME Gray, 1850
  • Godiva Macnae, 1954
  • Hermissenda Bergh, 1879
  • Phyllodesmium Ehrenberg, 1831 (1828)
  • Rolandia Pruvot-Fol, 1951
  • Sakuraeolis Baba, 1965
• Herviellinae Burn, 1967
  • Herviella Baba, 1949
• Pteraeolidiinae Risbec, 1953
  • Pteraeolidia Bergh, 1875

Gosliner, Gonzáles-Duarte and Cervera (2007) grant the previous subfamily Babakininae with the only genus Babakina the status of a separate family Babakinidae.

literature

• Luise Schmekel, Adolf Portmann: Opisthobranchia of the Mediterranean: Nudibranchia and Saccoglossa . Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York 1982. Facelinidae Rafinesque, 1815 : p. 197.
• John D. Fish, Susan Fish: A Student's Guide to the Seashore . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2011. 540 pages. Facelinidae , p. 247.
• Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN  0076-2997

Web links

Commons : Facelinidae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Marine Species Identification Portal: Facelinidae

Individual evidence

1. ^ World Register of Marine Species , Facelinidae Gray, 1827
2. ↑ R. Bergh (1889). In: Julius Victor Carus : Prodromus Faunae Mediterraneae , Volume 2, Brachiostomata, Mollusca, Tunicata, Vertebrata. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 854 S. Facelininae : S. 213. ( Archive.org )
3. ^ Richard A. Roller (1973). The Veliger 16 (1), p. 118.
4. ^ Richard A. Roller 1972. The Veliger 14 (4), p. 416.
5. ^ R. Bergh, 1889. In: Carus JV Crateninae : p. 209. ( Archive.org )
6. ^ R. Bergh 1889. In: Carus JV Favorininae : p. 212. ( Archive.org ).
7. ^ Ernst Gustav Gotthelf Marcus 1958. American Museum Novitates , 1906: 59-60.
8. ↑ Burn. (31 December) 1967. Malacologia 6 (1-2): 228.
9. ↑ Risbec. 1953. Faune de l'Union Française, 15: 161.
10. ↑ TM Gosliner, MM Gonzáles-Duarte, JL Cervera (2007): Revision of the systematics of Babakina Roller, 1973 (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) with the description of a new species and a phylogenetic analysis . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151 (4), pp. 671-689. doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.2007.00331.x .