Types of bicycles

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

With the type of bicycle the construction of a will bicycle described. A type assignment is not always unique.

According to the intended use, which u. a. In terms of frame (geometry) and technical equipment, a distinction can be made between touring bikes, trekking bikes, mountain bikes, touring bikes, racing bikes and triathlon bikes.

According to the target group, a distinction can be made between everyday bicycles, bicycles for sporty use, military bicycles and other types of bicycles. This article is based on this typification.

Everyday bikes

Touring bike

Bicycles developed for cycling

Track bike
  • Road bike or machine for road races (28 inch wheels with tubular tires , clincher or folding tires and tubeless tires )
  • Time trial machine : Time trial machines are particularly aerodynamically optimized racing bikes with a large gear ratio for speed competitions on the road (24–28 inches). Since the further technical development of bicycle technology in road cycling is largely regulated by the UCI world association, the innovations mainly took place in the less regulated area of ​​time trial machines. But by no means everything that is already being mass-produced by industry or used in triathlons is permitted in cycling races. Since the driver is not allowed to use the slipstream of other racing drivers, care is taken to build this type of racing bike in such a way that there is as little wind resistance as possible. Disc wheels have become established on the rear wheel.
  • Track bike : Track bikes are racing bikes without brakes, gears and freewheels for track races (27 inches). They often have a shorter wheelbase than other racing bikes. For safety reasons, they have a rigid rear hub . This means that you have to pedal continuously while driving. The shape of time trial machines is strictly prescribed for competitions and largely corresponds to the technical status of the bicycle with which Eddy Merckx set the hour record of 49.432 km in 1972. Disk wheels are common and approved, but are not used exclusively. 27-inch tubular tires are preferred for tires, as clincher tires cannot be inflated as much as necessary for the loads on the track.
  • Criterion wheel: This special type is no longer in common use today. Because of the many curves in criterion races , a higher bottom bracket and / or shorter cranks are required. Most of the time, a shorter crankset (165 mm instead of 175 mm) is attached to these city races. Because of the higher transverse loads caused by frequent transverse positions and frequent sprinting, spokes with a mean diameter of 1.8 mm are often installed instead of the usual 2.0-1.6-2.0 mm DD spokes. Pedals are chosen so that the feet are as high as possible above the pedal axes. The preferred tires are 27-inch tubular tires.
  • Steherrad : large-geared track bike for riding in the slipstream of motorbikes on the track (27 inches). Standing bikes have a very short wheelbase and a higher bottom bracket than normal racing bikes. So that the cyclist can get as close as possible to the slipstream motorcycle, the front wheel is 14 inches smaller and offset to the rear. In order to ensure the necessary caster for stable behavior , the fork is bent backwards.
  • Triathlon bike: similar to the time trial bike, especially designed for high aerodynamics, mostly 28 inches. Geometry adapted to the other requirements in triathlon through the subsequent run / marathon. In particular, the less strict rules in triathlon (compared to the UCI) allow a special adaptation of this type of bike (e.g. aerodynamic tube profiles, steep seat tube angle)
  • Cross bike / gravel bike : Similar to a racing bike with a more robust frame and equipment as well as studded tires for use in difficult terrain in cyclocross races.
  • Mountain bike , MTB for short: robust bike for unpaved terrain. The wheel size was originally almost exclusively 26 inches, but now 27.5 and 29 inches are more common. The term mountain bike spans several sub-categories for different purposes, from dirt bikes for obstacle courses with jump ramps to enduro bikes for cross-country races to downhill equipment for downhill runs. Technical developments for mountain bikes were partially transferred to other types of bicycles. Examples are everyday bikes with suspension forks, balloon tires or disc brakes. The cyclocross bike, which is also built for sport on rough roads, does not count in the MTB category due to its unsprung racing bike geometry - like the gravel bike .
  • Fat bike : Mountain bikes with particularly wide tires for use on snow, sand and other soft surfaces.
  • Trial bike: special bike without a saddle, for overcoming demanding obstacle courses, see Trial (Sport) , 20 to 26 inches
  • Bike ball bike : for the sports bike ball and bike polo
  • Artificial cycling: for the sport of artificial cycling
  • BMX bike: small-wheeled bike originally for cross races and trials

Bicycles with predominantly military use

Bersaglieri with folding bikes during the First World War, 1917

Other types of bicycles

loaded touring bike
  • Touring bike: Bike suitable for touring with gear shifting, several luggage racks, long wheelbase and a comparatively heavy structure
  • Balloonbike : Word mark of the Ralf Bohle company for bicycles with wide tires ( balloon tires ).
  • Bonanzarad : a fad of the 1970s; a youth bike with high handlebars and a seat instead of a saddle.
  • Cavallo : A bicycle which, instead of pedal cranks, is driven by moving the whole body over a four-bar joint .
  • ConferenceBike : Bicycle for 7 people who sit in a circle like at a table
  • Cruiser (English for cruiser) is a type of bicycle from the early 1950s. They are bicycles with long-looking frames in a curved shape and large Harley- style handlebars . They are simply equipped and very heavy.
  • Tricycle : as a disabled bike , cycle rickshaw or as a variant of the recumbent bike
  • Unicycle : bike with crank and saddle that trains the sense of balance
  • Exercise bike : a bicycle-like, stationary piece of sports equipment, also called a bicycle ergometer
  • Folding bike or folding bike: folding or dismantling bike of any category.
Cycle rickshaw at the Zoo station in Berlin
  • Bicycle taxi : bicycle used to transport passengers.
  • Single wheel : bicycle without gears
  • Fixie : Bicycle with a rigid hub without gears or freewheel, pedals and wheels are in constant connection (“fixed gear”). The classic fixie does not have braking and is therefore not street legal. The speed is regulated exclusively via the cadence . The type of bike originally comes from track cycling , but has also spread as a courier bike.
  • Dutch bike : Bike Dutch design with an upright seating position of the driver
  • Hydrobike : a type of bicycle on the water
  • Cargo bike : 2- or 3-wheeled version for Post, bike couriers , etc.
  • Recumbent bike : with a low seat with backrest and cranks attached to the front, also used for speed races
  • Lowrider : particularly low bike
  • Pedersen : Bicycle made of thin tubes, the saddle is mounted on a strap, also called a hammock saddle
  • Rickshaw : mostly three-wheeled, bicycle-taxi for passenger transport
  • Tandem : a bike for two people in a row
  • Side by side : a bike for two people side by side
  • Chair wheel : sitting position like "in the chair"
  • Velomobile : recumbent tricycle with body
  • Tall bike : a special form of high bike
  • Fun bikes ( freak bikes , circus bikes , fairground bikes ) with special properties, e.g. B. swing bikes with an additional joint in the frame.
  • Front-wheel drive two-wheeler

Bicycles with auxiliary drive

Transport pedelec with child seat and wind and rain protection
  • E-bike : An electric motor can be switched on (usually with a twist grip). An e-bike is a motor vehicle in Germany and a bicycle in Switzerland.
  • Electric bike
  • moped
  • Pedelec : An electric motor switches on when you pedal. The electric motor must not deliver any power without pedaling. A pedelec is considered a bicycle in Germany.
  • Vélosolex

literature

  • Peter de Leuw: Choose the right bicycles, ride safely. 1st edition, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin-Vienna-Zurich, 2006, ISBN 3-410-16487-1
  • Rüdiger Bellersheim, Ernst Brust, Michael Gressmann, Dietmar Hertel, Franz Koslar: Bicycle technology table book , European teaching aids, 2nd edition. (September 2011); ISBN 978-3-8085-2332-2

Web links

Footnotes

  1. Rüdiger Bellersheim, Ernst Brust, Michael Gressmann, Dietmar Hertel, Franz Koslar: Book of Bicycle Technology , European Teaching Aids, 2nd edition. (September 2011); ISBN 978-3-8085-2332-2 ; Page 221.
  2. Bicycle technology table book , pages 191–193, quoted from Ralf Roletschek, Fahrradmonteur.de