Color wood mill
A colored wood mill was a production facility for the production of colored fibers from colored wood for the production of dyes for the textile industry . The dyes were obtained from tropical colored woods, but also from colored earth.
Procedure
The colored woods could be crushed in two ways. Circular saws were most common in connection with disks with short fangs, which sat between the circular saws and on their shaft . The saws then made incisions and the slices crushed the ribs that remained between them. Another method was coarse rasps or V-shaped knives that sat on rotating discs or rollers. The wood to be torn was fed by its own weight in a sloping channel.
Color wood was first chopped, then crushed and finally finely ground. The colored wood mills delivered shavings, curls, needles or powder. The crushed product was left in the dark, airy rooms with frequent wetting with water and temporary turning over several weeks for fermentation are to the dye that is not ready formed in the ink timber, (from the chromogen precursor of a dye that for after conversion reaction Dye will) develop. The fermented woods are more productive when dyeing. By boiling the crushed and fermented colored wood and evaporating the extract, the colored wood extracts are obtained, which are either syrupy or solid. The extracts prepared in a vacuum dissolve completely in water, those that evaporate in the air leave behind more or less insoluble residue.
In the 19th century, natural dyes were gradually replaced by aniline dyes .
Excelsior mill
The Friedrich Krupp AG , Gruson , Magdeburg Buckau introduced in 1900 such crushing machines under the name Exzelsiormühlen ago, the parts of two ring-shaped, vertical panes were from 80 to 600 mm diameter. The disks were set in concentric circular lines with teeth with a triangular cross-section, so that a circular groove with a triangular cross-section was formed between each two tooth rings. The tooth surface was interrupted by wide radial lanes that allowed the material to be thrown out. While one disc was stationary, the other revolved at 350 revolutions per minute, with its toothed rings running through the annular grooves of the counter disc.
The comb bearing could be moved by means of the handwheel in order to bring the grinding disks closer together. The mill was suitable for grinding colored wood, coffee, spices, drugs, chemicals, tannins, minerals and for grinding grains and pulses. It was built for hand and belt operation and could process up to 700 kg of coarse shot with a power requirement of 6 hp.
Historic wood mills
In the city of Zurich , two buildings of formerly water-powered colored wood mills are still preserved. The one in Albisrieden began operations in Albisrieden in 1861 as Switzerland's first colored wood mill. It was in operation from 1861 to 1945. The manufacturer W. Surber lived in the adjacent house, which was built in 1888. In 1898 the average daily wage of a mill worker was CHF 3.50.
The second mill is in Hirslanden and was first mentioned in 1639 as a "grater with pestle and fournier saw". The main building of the color wood mill that still exists today was built at the end of the 19th century and was used as a color wood mill until 1937.
In Frankfurt am Main there was a water-powered mill for colored wood and spices on the Schneidwall at the southwest corner of the city on the Main until 1818.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Color wood mills . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 6, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1906, p. 326 .
- ↑ Lueger: Lexicon of the entire technology: Exzelsiormühle
- ↑ The spice and colored wood mill in Frankfurt am Main ( Memento of the original from November 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
