Featherworms

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Featherworms
Screw table (Sabella spallanzanii)

Screw table ( Sabella spallanzanii )

Systematics
Trunk : Annelids (Annelida)
Class : Polychaete (Polychaeta)
Subclass : Palpata
Order : Canalipalpata
Subordination : Sabellida
Family : Featherworms
Scientific name
Sabellidae
Malmgren , 1867
Featherworm tubes near Bremerhaven

The featherworms (Sabellidae), also known as fanworms or leather tube worms , are marine annelid worms that live sessile in tubes. The soft, pliable tubes are made of organic material, often polysaccharides , which are seldom solidified with hard particles such as grains of sand. There are around 34 genera , most of which are larger than the related tube worms (Serpulidae). In contrast to these, the featherworms do not have a tube closure.

features

The multi-bristle of the family Sabellidae can be recognized most clearly by the fact that they have both a tentacle crown and a tube of mucus and sediment, in which they differ from the Serpulidae. Just like these, they have a clear division into the body regions thorax and abdomen , which is clear from the inverted position of the bristles and a fecal groove . Likewise, like the Serpulidae, in their segments they also have a pair of anterior nephridia with a single exit for excretion. The name 'feather worms' is derived from the feather-like organization of the tentacle crown, especially in larger species. The smallest known feather worm is Fabriciola minuta (now grouped in a separate family 'Fabriciidae', see below) with a length of 0.85 mm, while the longest known species, Eudystilia vancouveri, is up to 26 cm long. The thorax usually has 8 segments, but in the genus Pseudobranchiomma there are only 4 and in the Australian species Amphiglena terebro 12. The number of bristle-bearing segments of the abdomen is between 2 and 4 in the subfamily Fabriciinae (or Fabricinae, now a separate family ' Fabriciidae ', see below) and over 100 in the larger species of the family. The body ends in a mostly semicircular postsegmental pydigium (the last, non-segment-like body section in annelid worms) that can carry a pair of eyes.

Internal system

A member of the Sabelidae family with spread feather-shaped gills

The family Sabelidae of feather worms ( English feather duster worms ) includes the following genera :

Instead of dividing the family into two subfamilies (Sabellinae Chamberlin, 1919 and Fabriciinae / Fabricinae Rioja, 1923 ), a second family, Fabriciidae Rioja, 1923 , is now accepted. a. the following genera have been moved:

The former genus Oriopsis Caullery & Mesnil, 1896 , was integrated into the genus Amphicorina .

Ingestion

Featherworms live on tiny organic particles and protozoa, which they filter out of the flowing water with their tentacle crown. The particles are transported to the mouth on three separate eyelashes, separated by size. The coarse particles are pushed away by palps on the upper lip. The medium-sized particles serve as building material and are stored in a pair of deep pockets on the lower lip until use. The small particles, which are predominantly organic and contain microorganisms, are eaten.

Reef formation

On the east coast of Florida , the only three to four centimeters long Phragmatopoma lapidosa lives in such enormous quantities that a 320 km long, but only one meter high reef has emerged. This sabellarian reef gets its strength from the fact that the worm stores sand in its tubes and the old tubes below are hardened by limestone precipitates.

literature

  • Stanley J. Edmonds: Fauna of Australia, Volume 4A. Polychaetes & Allies. The Southern Synthesis 4. Commonwealth of Australia, 2000. Class Polychaeta. (PDF) pp. 244-249, Family Sabellidae.
  • Koralle marine aquarium specialist magazine No. 20 tube worms. April May. 2003, ISSN  1439-779X

Web links

Commons : Federworms (Sabellidae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ MarineSpecies.org
  2. ↑ WoRMS: AphaID = 985
  3. ↑ Deep sea symbiosis: methane on the menu , on Wissenschaft.de from April 3, 2020
  4. ↑ Shana K. Goffredi, Ekin Tilic, Sean W. Mullin, Katherine S. Dawson, Abigail Keller et al. : Methanotrophic bacterial symbionts fuel dense populations of deep-sea feather duster worms (Sabellida, Annelida) and extend the spatial influence of methane seepage , on Science Advances Volume 6, No. 14, April 3, 2020. eaay8562, doi: 10.1126 / sciadv .aay8562
  5. ↑ WoRMS: AlphaID = 154918
  6. ↑ WoRMS: AlphaID = 129540