File clams

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File clams
Lima scabra

Lima scabra

Systematics
Class : Mussels (Bivalvia)
Subclass : Autolamellibranchiata
Subclass : Pteriomorphia
Order : Limida
Superfamily : Limoidea
Family : File clams
Scientific name
Limidae
Rafinesque , 1815

The limidae (Limidae) are a shell - Family from the order of Limida . They have been known since the Triassic .

features

The mostly equilateral, very rarely also somewhat unevenly-hinged cases are egg-shaped, rounded or approximately triangular in outline. The cases are often higher than they are long and elongated (obliquely) towards the anterior ventral margin.

As a rule, two "ears" (appendages) are formed on both sides of the vertebra; however, the anterior ear can be greatly reduced in size or even absent in some genera. The rear “ear” is obtuse angled and often only slightly separated from the housing body. The vertebrae are far apart, so there is usually a triangular dorsal field with a flat, triangular ligament in both valves . Some forms have an anterior byssus slit near the dorsal margin . Many housings gape at the front end, and z. T. also at the rear end. The lock is without teeth or taxodont, i.e. H. with few, uniform teeth.

The surface is smooth or has radial ribs and concentric ribs or fins. Occasionally the crossing points are thickened into thorns or knots. The shell consists of an inner and middle aragonitic layer and an outer calcitic layer as well as the organic periostracum .

There is only one sphincter muscle whose attachment point to the shell is rather indistinct. Most species have orange-red to red mantle tentacles that cannot be fully retracted into the housing. Some species also have coat eyes.

Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life

The filing clam family is cosmopolitan. They come from shallow water to the deep sea (up to approx. 4,000 meters water depth).

Many species attach themselves to hard substrate with byssus threads. Others form protective nests made of byssus threads. Small stones, seaweed or shell fragments are spun with byssus threads. Some shapes can swim with the help of the recoil principle by opening the flaps very quickly and moving with the expulsion of a jet of water.

Taxonomy

The taxon was established in 1815 by Constantine S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz . While the World Register of Marine Species does not further subdivide the family, Bouchet & Rocroi (2011) divide the taxon Limidae into five subfamilies, Carter et al. (2011) in four subfamilies. However, they only partially follow the suggestion of Kasum-Zade, who splits the (original family) Limidae into three families and proposes three new subfamilies. The split-off family Isolimeidae was again collected by Bouchet & Rocroi and put into the synonymy of Limidae or Liminae, the third newly established family Limatulinae was degraded to a subfamily. Carter et al. accept the Isolimeidae family in addition to the Limidae family. The number of valid genera is controversial.

supporting documents

literature

  • S. Peter Dance, Rudo von Cosel (arrangement of the German edition): The great book of sea shells. 304 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1977 ISBN 3-8001-7000-0 (p. 239)
  • Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, 340 pages, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8 (p. 171)
  • Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Mollusca, 6, Bivalvia 1. XXXVIII, 489 pp., New York, 1969 (pp. N385).
  • Fritz Nordsieck : The European sea shells (Bivalvia). From the Arctic Ocean to Cape Verde, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. 256 p., Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969 (p. 56)
  • Guido Poppe and Yoshihiro Goto: European Seashells Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda) . 221 pp., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1993 (2000 unc. Reprint) ISBN 3-925919-10-4 (p. 75)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b A. A. Kasumzadeh: Glava IV: Reviziyi i systematika Mezozoyskikh predstaviteley otryada Pectinoida Azerbaydzhaia. Sostoianie Izuchennosti Mezozoĭskikh Dvustvorchatykh Molliuskov Azerbaĭdzhana (Otriad Pectinoida: Reviziia i Sistematika). Pp. 37-89, El-ALliance, Baku, 2003. Translation by Rosanne D'Aprile Johnson, VIARC, Smithsonian Institution: Advances in research on Mesozoic Bivalve Mollusks in Azerbaijan (Order Pectinoida: Revision and Systematics). (DOC file!)
  2. ↑ Constantine S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz: Analyze de la nature, ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. 224 p., Palermo, 1815. Online at www.gallica.bnf.fr (p. 147)
  3. ↑ World Register of Marine Species: Limidae Rafinesque, 1815
  4. ^ Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi Rüdiger Bieler Joseph G. Carter Eugene V. Coan: Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families. Malacologia, 52 (2): 1-184, 2010 doi : 10.4002 / 040.052.0201
  5. ↑ a b Joseph G. Carter, Cristian R. Altaba, Laurie C. Anderson, Rafael Araujo, Alexander S. Biakov, Arthur E. Bogan, David C. Campbell, Matthew Campbell, Chen Jin-hua, John CW Cope, Graciela Delvene , Henk H. Dijkstra, Fang Zong-jie, Ronald N. Gardner, Vera A. Gavrilova, Irina A. Goncharova, Peter J. Harries, Joseph H. Hartman, Michael Hautmann, Walter R. Hoeh, Jorgen Hylleberg, Jiang Bao- yu, Paul Johnston, Lisa Kirkendale, Karl Kleemann, Jens Koppka, Jiří Kříž, Deusana Machado, Nikolaus Malchus, Ana Márquez-Aliaga, Jean-Pierre Masse, Christopher A. McRoberts, Peter U. Middelfart, Simon Mitchell, Lidiya A. Nevesskaja , Sacit Özer, John Pojeta, Jr., Inga V. Polubotko, Jose Maria Pons, Sergey Popov, Teresa Sánchez, André F. Sartori, Robert W. Scott, Irina I. Sey, Javier H. Signorelli, Vladimir V. Silantiev, Peter W. Skelton, Thomas Steuber, J. Bruce Waterhouse, G. Lynn Wingard, Thomas Yancey: A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Kansas University Paleontological Contributions, 4: 1-47, Lawrence, Kansas, USA 2011, ISSN  1946-0279 PDF

Web links

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