Forage cultivation
Forage cultivation , also arable forage cultivation , is a production direction for the keeping of cattle in addition to the necessary grassland cultivation . In contrast to fodder farming , this is done on fields . The conversion meadows or pastures, he replaces the agricultural use for a shorter or longer period in order grassing or weed to reduce or give the soil a fallow similar recovery. Field forage often replaces silage maize in mountainous areas and permanent grassland in dry areas .
Locations
In the case of insufficient area or performance of meadow or pasture , field forage cultivation is more of a substitute. An increase in performance can be achieved with less effort and greater long-term success than with arable land. The field forage cultivation is able to cover a demand which meadow and pasture cannot meet after exhausting all reasonable possibilities.
Types used
The plants grown include forage plants and grasses and alfalfa , as well as silage maize and fodder beet cultivation . Alternating grassland can lead to a resumption of arable use after initially high yields after subsidence. The most favorable form of utilization is the grazing. As with fodder cultivation, the goal is the even supply of green fodder of constant quality and the improvement of the fodder taste.
The species listed below give an insight into field forage crops for green feeding according to Knoll 1935 and Bayrische LfL 2008 . The best possible combinations of species vary depending on the location and soil conditions as well as the intensity of use.
Protein forage plants
| recommendation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Knoll 1935 | Bavarian LfL 2008 | |
| Clover species | ||
| alfalfa | x | x |
| Red clover (meadow clover) | x | x |
| Seed Esparsette | x | |
| Crimson Clover | x | |
| Serradella | x | |
| Horn clover | x | |
| Bastard clover (Swedish clover) | x | |
| White clover | x | x |
| Persian clover | x | |
| Types of grass | ||
| Annual ryegrass (diploid) | x | |
| Italian ryegrass (diploid) | x | |
| Meadow fescue | x | |
| Timothy grass | x | |
| Common oat | x | |
| Knuckleweed | x | |
| German ryegrass | x | |
| legumes | ||
| Field pea | x | |
| Vetch | x | |
| Shaggy vetch | x | |
| Broad bean | x | |
| lupine | x | |
| Soybean | x | |
Bulk forage crops
- Silage maize
- Jerusalem artichoke
- Sunflower
- Marrow stem cabbage
- millet
- Sudan grass
- Bulk beet ( fodder beet )
- Potato (potato, earth pear)
- other types of grass
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Buchgraber, Gerhard Gindl: Contemporary Grassland Management . 2nd Edition. Leopold Stocker Verlag, Graz 2004, ISBN 3-7020-1073-4 .
- ↑ Ernst Klapp: The permanent grassland guide to the successful management of meadows and pastures . Ulmer, Stuttgart 1934, p. 11.
- ^ Josef Knoll: Feldfutterbau: Concentrated and juice fodder production from arable land . Ulmer, Stuttgart 1935.
- ↑ Institute for Plant Cultivation and Plant Breeding: Field forage cultivation: clover, grass clover, alfalfa, alfalfa grass, grass . Bavarian State Institute for Agriculture, 2008.
literature
- Ingrid Alsing: Lexicon of Agriculture: [plant production, animal production, agricultural engineering, construction, organic farming, farm management, agricultural law] , 4th, revised. and exp. Edition, Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2002, ISBN 9783800139309 .
- Ernst Klapp: Forage cultivation and grassland use: A guide for practice , 6., neubearb. Edition, Paul Parey, Berlin 1957.