Persian clover

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Persian clover
Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum)

Persian clover ( Trifolium resupinatum )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Genre : Clover ( trifolium )
Section : Vesicaria
Type : Persian clover
Scientific name
Trifolium resupinatum
L.

The Persian clover ( Trifolium resupinatum ), also known as Wende clover , is a species of plant in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the legume family (Fabaceae).

description

Duration

Vegetative characteristics

The Persian clover is an annual , biennial or perennial herbaceous plant . The non-rooting stem grows prostrate to ascending and reaches lengths of about 10 to 30 centimeters (in culture up to 60 centimeters). The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade . The leaf blade is pinnate in three parts. The leaflets are obovate and serrate on the edge.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is mainly in the months of April to June. The hemispherical, head-shaped inflorescences with a diameter of about 10 millimeters enlarge to up to 20 millimeters by the time of fruiting. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is two-lipped and has a glandular-shaggy upper lip; at the time of fruiting it is vesicularly distended and nervous on the network. The 5 to 8 millimeter long corolla has the typical shape of the butterfly flower . The petals pink to purple-purple. The flag is usually directed downwards early, while the shuttle points upwards; hence the common name "Wende-Klee".

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16, less often 14.

ecology

The Persian clover is a therophyte to hemicryptophyte . The diaspores in Persian clover are the fruits surrounded by the durable, blistered calyx; they are balloon pilots.

Occurrence

The Persian clover is widespread from France, the Mediterranean region and from the Middle East to Iran and Afghanistan . In Western and Central Europe it appears only introduced. It can be found in North Africa .

The Persian clover is one of the oldest forage plants in Southwest Asia . In Germany , the fragrant Persian clover ( Trifolium resupinatum var. Majus Boiss.) Has only been cultivated since the 1960s. In Central Europe, the Persian clover is mainly used as a forage plant , for green manure and as a bee pasture in pure seed, but also with other species for greening embankments. From these cultures it can grow wild, mostly inconsistently, it can then be found on the edges of fields and roads, for example in the Lolio Plantaginetum . The Persian clover grows in step societies and road weed societies . With the increased cultivation, the number of finds has increased in recent years. However, naturalization could not be established in the last century. In Germany it is a naturalization neophyte .

In terms of its location requirements, the Persian clover resembles the strawberry clover . Persian clover thrives best on warm, dense, heavy, slightly saline, nutrient-rich loam or clay soils , which can be sandy.

In Central Europe it rarely rises in the mountains above altitudes of 1000 meters. In Central Europe it is rarely found, but it sometimes forms loose small stands in the cultivation areas on dirt roads.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Trifolium resupinatum was in 1753 by Carl von Linné . The specific epithet resupinatum means turned around.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Trifolium resupinatum L. sl, Persian clover. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 594.
  3. ↑ Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
  4. ↑ Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 3: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  6. ↑ a b c Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : Yew family to butterfly family . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Web links

Commons : Persian clover ( Trifolium resupinatum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files