Glossy sickle moss
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Glossy Sickle Moss ( Hamatocaulis vernicosus ) |
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| Hamatocaulis vernicosus | ||||||||||||
| ( Mitt. ) Hedenäs |
The glossy sickle moss ( Hamatocaulis vernicosus ) is a deciduous moss from the Scorpidiaceae family that is in decline across the board, especially in Western and Central Europe . It colonizes neutral to weakly acidic, base-rich, open locations in low and intermediate moors from the lowlands to the montane level.
features
The glossy varnish sickle moss is a large, pleurocarpes deciduous moss. The species grows in gray to yellowish green, rarely reddish, slightly greasy, shiny mats. The stems, which are curved at the top and simply branched, reach up to 15 centimeters in length. They have branches about one centimeter long. The ovate-lanceolate, whole-edged and pointed leaflets are up to 3 millimeters long. They are crescent - shaped, one - sided and weakly longitudinally folded. They are widest in the lower quarter. There are no wing cells developed. The lamina cells are prosenchymatic , 50 to 90 µm long and 4 to 7 µm wide. The species is diocesan . Sporophytes are rarely developed in Central Europe. The sets are between 3 and 6 centimeters long. In summer the cylindrical capsules develop spores between 10 and 20 µm in diameter.
Biology / ecology
Since the species rarely forms sporogons, it is assumed that the vegetative spread via fragments of the gametophytes plays a decisive role. Due to its often spatially isolated locations and the small, mostly sterile plant population, there are hardly any opportunities for spreading or for repopulating locations and for gene exchange. It has a relatively long lifespan, the fruit development only begins after several years.
The species is bound to pH-neutral to weakly acidic, base-rich, but lime-poor, open to weakly shaded, permanently cool and humid, mostly very wet locations in low and intermediate moors, wet meadows and silting zones on lake shores. It also occurs in mown or grazed, weakly acidic, always very wet, flat-growing, sometimes well-spring bogs. The species predominantly settles in Kleinseggenrieden , where it is characteristic of the plant communities of the sour, base and limestone bogs of the orders Scheuchzerietalia palustris, Caricetalia nigrae and Caricetalia davallianae. In North America, glossy sickle moss is bound to moist tundra vegetation.
distribution
It has a holarctic - circumboreal distribution and penetrates into the Arctic . Their height distribution ranges from the planar level to over 2000 m above sea level. The moss occurs in North America north to Alaska and Greenland, south to about 45 ° north latitude. In Asia, the species occurs in almost every part of the country and is particularly common in the boreal coniferous forest zone and the tundra . To the south the area extends to China and Mongolia. In Europe, the main distribution of moss is in Scandinavia and is common in Sweden and Finland in places. In Norway, the species is limited to the southern parts of the country. In Denmark the species occurs in all parts of the country. The species is also widespread in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe.
Hazard and protection
The species has been declining across Europe. The occurrences in eastern Scandinavia, parts of Poland, Slovakia and European Russia can still be regarded as safe and stable. In a number of countries the species is in decline and is considered endangered or threatened with extinction. In Ireland only twelve occurrences are left, in the Netherlands the species has been lost and was last detected in 1965. In Germany, too, the moss has declined sharply since the 1960s. The distribution of the species in Germany was largely correlated with the occurrence of flow-through, slope and other types of intermediate bogs and fens. Due to the continued destruction and drainage of the moors, the intensification of agriculture and the general nutrient load of near-natural, oligo- to mesotrophic biotopes, the competitive conditions worsen for the less competitive species and it is ultimately displaced by other species. The existence of the species can be proven since 1980 on the basis of literature references presumably in less than 15 measuring table sheets. Accordingly, the glossy varnish sickle moss is classified as endangered nationwide. The moss is part of the Bern Convention and is listed in Annex II of the EU's Habitats Directive .
literature
- Klaus Weddeling, Gerhard Ludwig, Monika Hachtel: The mosses (Bryophyta, Marchantiophyta, Anthocerophyta) of the Habitats Directive. In: Barbara Petersen, Götz Ellwanger, Gudrun Biewald, Ulf Hauke, Gerhard Ludwig, Peter Pretscher, Eckhard Schröder, Axel Ssymank: The European system of protected areas Natura 2000. Ecology and distribution of species of the Habitats Directive in Germany. Volume 1: Plants and invertebrates (= series of publications for landscape management and nature conservation. 69, 1). Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn – Bad Godesberg 2003 (published 2005), ISBN 3-7843-3617-5 , pp. 207–239, here pp. 207–214.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolfgang Frey, Michael Stech, Eberhard Fischer: Bryophytes and Seedless Vascular Plants (= Syllabus of Plant Families. 3). 13th edition. Borntraeger, Berlin et al. 2009, ISBN 978-3-443-01063-8 , p. 223.
