trawler
The trawler [ ˈtrɔːlə ] ( English ; from to trawl "to fish with a trawl ") is a ship for deep-sea fishing . Its trawls serve the ground-level (bottom trawl) and, since the 1960s, increasingly the pelagic fishing. The "classic" fish steamers were side trawlers; they were replaced by the rear catchers in the 1960s.
Layout and function
In the case of side trawlers, the catch deck is in the midship area. The trawl is deployed and hauled in over the side railing. The hoisting lines to which the towed net is attached run over king rolls and the rolls of the gallows attached to the side of the board run outboard.
In stern trawlers scavengers or star (engl. Stern "tail") is located in the catch cover in the area of the aft ship. The trawl is an inclined ramp at the rear, the Heckaufschleppe suspended and collected.
Depending on the area of application and the concept of use, trawlers are equipped with more or less extensive processing and conservation systems. Cooling and freezing systems allow ships to fish for several weeks or months at sea until the storage rooms are completely full.
history
The biggest change was the drive . The introduction of the diesel engine made it possible to build the rear catcher. And unlike the side catchers with their steam engines , the seafarers had warm rooms and dry laundry for the first time.
In both world wars , trawlers were converted into minesweepers, outpost boats and submarine hunters . The Soviet Union used them during the Cold War to observe NATO marines.
The old sailing trawlers, such as the well-known Brixham trawlers , could cast their nets to a depth of 55-75 meters. Modern trawlers often fish to a depth of 920 meters, with experimental bottom trawls even deeper. The first German rear catcher was FD Heinrich Meins, built in 1957 at the Rickmers shipyard .
Examples of modern trawlers
- ST120101 series
- Series NVC 374 WP
- Maartje Theadora
literature
- Wolfgang Walter: German fish steamer. Technology - Development - Use - Ship Register . Bremen 1999. ISBN 978-3551885173 .
- Dirk Spiering: The rear catchers of the big deep sea fishery 1957–1999. Description of the résumés of all ships , Elbe-Spree-Verlag, Hamburg, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-931129-23-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rickmerswerft, list of building numbers 15 ( memento of October 29, 2006 in the Internet Archive ).