Fyodor Lvovich Shapiro

Fyodor Lvovich Shapiro ( Russian Фёдор Львович Шапиро , English transcription Fyodor Lvovich Shapiro ; born March 24, ^jul. / 6. April  1915 ^greg. In Vitebsk , † the thirtieth January 1973 in Moscow ) was a Soviet physicist who in the field of neutron physics worked.

Life

Schapiro was born in Vitebsk in Belarus in 1915. In 1941 he finished his physics studies at the Lomonosov University in Moscow . During the Second World War he served in the Red Army at the front and rear and was wounded several times. In 1945 he went to the Lebedev Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , where he worked for the later Nobel laureate in physics Ilya M. Frank . In 1959 he moved to the newly established laboratory for neutron physics of the United Institute for Nuclear Research (VIK) in Dubna near Moscow, where the pulsed reactor designed by DI Blochinzew was under construction. Schapiro became deputy director of the Neutron Physics Laboratory, which was later named after IM Frank. In 1962 he received his doctorate at the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics in Moscow ( Russian doctorate ). In 1967 he became a professor at Lomonosov University.

With the IBR research reactor designed and built at VIK Dubna, which served as a pulsed neutron source , Schapiro and his team gained important knowledge in the application of neutron scattering in solid-state physics and in nuclear physics problems. His work on the generation of "very cold" and "ultra-cold" neutrons became particularly well known.

In 1968, Schapiro was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR . In 1971 he received the State Prize of the USSR . In 1977 he was posthumously awarded the Kurchatov gold medal.

literature

• MV Avdeev: Honoring Fyodor Shapiro (1915-1973) . In: Neutron News . tape 26 , no. 4 , 2015, p. 20–21 , doi : 10.1080 / 10448632.2015.1092773 .

Web links

• Short biography at the Laboratory for Neutron Physics of VIK Dubna (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Shapiro, Fyodor Lwowitsch. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed May 24, 2018 (Russian).