Spotted Chest Wren

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Spotted Chest Wren
Spot-breasted Wren - Chiapas - Mexico S4E7492 (16980542558) .jpg

Speckled wren ( Pheugopedius maculipectus )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Pheugopedius
Type : Spotted Chest Wren
Scientific name
Pheugopedius maculipectus
( Lafresnaye , 1845)

The spot breast Wren ( Pheugopedius maculipectus ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae), in Mexico , Belize , Guatemala , El Salvador , Honduras , Nicaragua and Costa Rica is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The spotted breast wren reaches a body length of about 12.5 to 14.0 cm with a weight of the males from 14.3 to 16.8 g and the females from 12.4 to 16.2 g. He has a white stripe over the eyes , the face and neck are speckled black and white. The top of the head and the top are reddish brown, which merges into the chestnut-colored at the rump . The hand wings and the arm wings are very indistinctly darkened. The matte brown control feathers are criss-crossed with narrow dark bands. On the underside it is whitish gray with distinctive black spots on the throat, chest and the middle of the abdomen. There are no spots on the orange-yellow-brown rear region of the abdomen or the flanks. The eyes are red-brown, the bill blackish and the legs blue-gray. It differs from the red breast wren ( Pheugopedius rutilus ) by the thicker spots on the chest, and from the ligamentous breast wren ( Pheugopedius sclateri ) by the warmer colors on the back. Both sexes are similar. Young animals have fewer markings on their face and underside.

Behavior and nutrition

Little data are available on the diet of the spotted wren, but it is believed that it feeds primarily on invertebrates. He usually looks for his food in pairs in deeper, intertwined vegetation.

Vocalizations

The song of the stained breast wren consists of a lively series of clear, whistling chuckles that both sexes utter antiphonically. The male's part consists of five to seven tones, the female's two to four tones.

Reproduction

The breeding season of the spotted wren is from March to July in Mexico and from April to July in Costa Rica. The spherical nest has a side entrance and is approximately 10.0 × 15.9 cm, the entrance is approximately 4.0 cm in diameter. He typically builds this in a fork of trees or ferns one to six meters above the ground. A nest was found in hanging flower baskets. The clutch consists of three to four white eggs, which are heavily decorated with reddish-brown lines and spots. Nestlings are fed by both sexes.

distribution and habitat

The spotted wren has a wide range of habitats. These also include disturbed and regenerated habitats. It occurs in forests and on the edges of forests, but also in cocoa and citrus plantations. It moves in dry forests, on limestone and on damp coastal forests at altitudes from sea level to 1,300 meters in Mexico and Honduras. In Costa Rica you can only find it up to 200 meters.

migration

It is believed that the spotted wren is a resident bird .

Subspecies

There are five known subspecies.

  • Pheugopedius maculipectus microstictus Griscom , 1930 occurs in northeastern Mexico. The subspecies is less reddish on top than the nominate form and has smaller and less lush chest spots.
  • Pheugopedius maculipectus maculipectus ( Lafresnaye , 1845) is widespread in eastern Mexico.
  • Pheugopedius maculipectus canobrunneus ( Ridgway , 1887) occurs in southeastern Mexico , northern Belize and northern Guatemala. The subspecies is paler than the nominate form with a light cinnamon to yellow-brown skull.
  • Pheugopedius maculipectus umbrinus ( Ridgway , 1887) is distributed in southern Mexico and southern Belize via Guatemala to El Salvador. The subspecies is larger and generally appears darker.
  • Pheugopedius maculipectus petersi Griscom , 1930 occurs in northern Honduras via Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica. The subspecies has a stronger bill and more rust-brown on the upper side including the tail bands.

Pheugopedius maculipectus varians Griscom , 1930 is now a synonym for P. m. Umbrinus considered.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the binding abdominal wren was made in 1845 by Frédéric de Lafresnaye under the scientific name Thriothorus [sic] maculipectus . He stated Mexico as the collection point for the type specimen . As early as 1851, Jean Louis Cabanis introduced the genus Pheugopedius, which was new to science . This name is derived from "pheugō φευγω " for "avoid, flee" and "pedion, pedon πεδιον, πεδον " for "open land, ground". The species name "fasciatoventris" is the Latin word formation from "fasciatus, fascia" for "to bind, bandage, streak" and "venter, ventris" for "belly". "Maculipectus" is of Latin origin and is made up of "macula" for "spots" and "pectus, pectoris" for "breast". »Microstictus« is a Greek word structure from » mikros μικρος « for »small« and »stiktos, stizō στικτος, στιζω « for »dotted, pierce«. "Canobrunneus" has its origin in "canus" for "gray" and "brunneus, brunius" for "brown". "Umbrinus" means "dark, shady, umbra brown" from "umbra" for "shadow". "Petersi" is dedicated to James Lee Peters . "Varians" has its origin in "varians, variantis, variare, varius" from "varying, varying, manifold".

literature

  • Jean Louis Cabanis: Museum Heineanum Directory of the ornithological collection of the Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine at Gut St. Burchard in front of Halberstatdt. With critical comments and a description of the new species, systematically edited by Dr. Jean Cabanis, first custodian of the Royal Zoological Collection in Berlin and Ferdinand Heine, student philosopher volume 1 . R. Frantz, Halberstadt 1850 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1850–1851).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson , Leslie K. Overstreet, Robert Jack Dowsett, Murray Duncan Bruce: Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology . Aves Press Limited, Northampton 2012, ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5 .
  • Ludlow Griscom: Critical notes on Central American birds . In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club . tape 12 , April 3, 1930, pp. 1–8 ( books.google.de ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Spot-breasted Wren (Pheugopedius maculipectus) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Frédéric de Lafresnaye: Description of quelques oiseaux nouveaux . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 8 , 1845, p. 337-342 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Robert Ridgway: A manual of North American birds . JB Lippincott company, Philadelphia 1887 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Spotted Wren ( Pheugopedius maculipectus )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ^ Ludlow Griscom (1930), p. 5.
  4. ↑ a b Frédéric de Lafresnaye (1845), p. 338.
  5. ↑ a b Robert Ridgway (1887), p. 552.
  6. ↑ a b c Ludlow Griscom (1930), p. 7.
  7. ↑ Ludlow Griscom (1930), p. 6.
  8. ^ A b Jean Louis Cabanis, p. 79.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 158.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 237.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 254.
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 89.
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 395.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 398.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Cabanis categorized the Corayazaunig ( Pheugopedius coraya ) in the new genus.
  2. ↑ For the history of the publication see Edward Clive Dickinson u. a. Pp. 80-81.