Red-breasted wren

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Red-breasted wren
Rufous-breasted Wren - Panama H8O7861 (16980522778) .jpg

Red-breasted wren ( Pheugopedius rutilus )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Pheugopedius
Type : Red-breasted wren
Scientific name
Pheugopedius rutilus
( Vieillot , 1819)

The Rotbrust Wren ( Pheugopedius rutilus ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae), in Costa Rica , Panama , Tobago , Trinidad , Venezuela and Colombia is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The red breast wren reaches a body length of about 14.0 cm with a weight of 13.3 to 18.5 g. It has a white stripe over the eyes with a black border over the stripe, the sides of the face and neck are speckled in black and white. The skull and the top are warm brown. The hand and arm wings appear dull and are only very indistinctly streaked. The gray-brown tail has many black-brown bands. The chest is light chestnut brown which is very different from the black and white speckled throat. The rest of the underside is matt chestnut-colored, the middle of the belly is greyish white. The eyes are light reddish brown, the beak black with a bluish gray base and the legs gray. Both sexes are similar. Young animals generally appear more dull than adult birds and the facial pattern is less pronounced.

Behavior and nutrition

The red breast wren's diet includes beetles , beaked beetles , two-winged birds and hymenoptera . Occasionally it also feeds on seeds. He looks for his food in pairs or family groups mostly in the tangle of low vegetation, but occasionally also relatively high in the trees.

Vocalizations

The singing of the red breast wren sounds antiphonic between the sexes. The male occasionally sings alone or in a duet with the female. Depending on the location, the singing can differ significantly. In Central America, the male sings four to seven pure, clear whistles, the female three to four quieter ones. In contrast, the song type in Venezuela is a mixture of whistles and trills. Adolescents have different songs that seem rambling and immature, but also contain some clear tones of the adult birds. The alarm tones are chirping and scratchy and are reminiscent of the sounds that sound when you rub your fingernails over a comb.

Reproduction

The breeding season of the red breast wren lasts from January to July in Costa Rica and Trinidad and from December to July in Colombia. The nest is built by both sexes, is spherical with a side entrance and is about 10.0 × 15.9 cm in size and 13 cm high. It is built from grass, bamboo leaves and dry stems, and laid out with finer material and seeds. It can be four to twelve meters above the ground. The clutch consists of two to three eggs in Central America and two to four in Trinidad. These are white with brown spots, especially on the thicker end. The incubation takes place exclusively by the female and takes about 18 days. The nestlings are fed by both parents. The nestlings fledge after about 16 days.

distribution and habitat

The red breast wren prefers rain and cloud forests , thickets, secondary vegetation and forest edges. It not infrequently moves in the dense forest interior and occurs at altitudes from sea level to 1900 meters.

migration

The red breast wren is considered a pure resident bird .

Subspecies

There are seven known subspecies.

  • Pheugopedius rutilus hyperythrus ( Salvin & Godman , 1880) occurs in Costa Rica and Panama. The subspecies is similar to the nominate form , but has blackish spots on the chest.
  • Pheugopedius rutilus tobagensis Hellmayr , 1921 is widespread on Tobago. The subspecies has a larger and stronger beak, longer wings, and a duller chest than the nominate form.
  • Pheugopedius rutilus rutilus ( Vieillot , 1819) occurs in Trinidad and in northern and western Venezuela.
  • Pheugopedius rutilus intensus Todd , 1932 is widespread in Táchira . The underside is more intensely colored than that of the nominate form. She often has some dark spots there.
  • Pheugopedius rutilus laetus ( Bangs , 1898) occurs in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela. The subspecies most closely resembles P. r. hyperythrus , but the colors appear stronger and warmer.
  • Pheugopedius rutilus interior Todd , 1932 is common in central Colombia. The subspecies is paler on the underside, has an ocher yellow chest and pale olive brown flanks.
  • Pheugopedius rutilus hypospodius ( Salvin & Godman , 1880) occurs in north-central Colombia. The subspecies has a yellow-brown color on the chest, the flanks appear more matt and the underside is more reddish. The top of the head looks more reddish.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the red breast wren was in 1819 by Louis Pierre Vieillot under the scientific name Thryothorus rutilus . The type specimen was in the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle with a label North America , but Vieillot had doubts about this statement. As early as 1851, Jean Louis Cabanis introduced the genus Pheugopedius, which was new to science . This name is derived from "pheugō φευγω " for "avoid, flee" and "pedion, pedon πεδιον, πεδον " for "open land, ground". The species name »rutilus« is the Latin word for »red, red-brown, golden«. "Hyperythrus" is a Greek word formation from "hypo ὑπο " for "below, below" and "erythros ερυθρος " for "red", "hypospodius" from "hypo ὑπο " for "below, below" and "spodios, spodos σποδιος, σποδος "For" ash-colored, ashes ". »Intensus, intendere« means »intense, burden«, »interior, interioris« »inside, inside«. "Laetus" is the Latin word for "bright, happy". "Tobagensis" refers to Tobago.

literature

  • Outram Bangs: On some birds from Pueblo Viejao, Colombia . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 12 , no. 5 , 1898, p. 157-160 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jean Louis Cabanis: Museum Heineanum Directory of the ornithological collection of the Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine at Gut St. Burchard in front of Halberstatdt. With critical comments and a description of the new species, systematically edited by Dr. Jean Cabanis, first custodian of the Royal Zoological Collection in Berlin and Ferdinand Heine, student philosopher volume 1 . R. Frantz, Halberstadt 1850 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1850–1851).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson , Leslie K. Overstreet, Robert Jack Dowsett, Murray Duncan Bruce: Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology . Aves Press Limited, Northampton 2012, ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5 .
  • Carl Eduard Hellmayr: Mr. CE Hellmayr describes 12 new forms from the neotropical area . In: Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern . tape 1 , no. 4 , 1921, pp. 25-32 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Rufous-breasted Wren (Pheugopedius rutilus) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Osbert Salvin, Frederick DuCane Godman: Aves . In: Biologia Centrali-Americana . tape 1 , 1880 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Walter Edmond Clyde Todd: New South American Wrens . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 45 , April 2, 1932, p. 9-14 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Louis Pierre Vieillot: Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Par une société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs . tape 34 . Deterville, Paris 1819 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Red-breasted Wren ( Pheugopedius rutilus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ↑ Osbert Salvin et al. a. (1880), p. 92.
  4. ^ A b Carl Eduard Hellmayr (1921), p. 27.
  5. ↑ a b Louis Pierre Vieillot (1819), pp. 55–56.
  6. ↑ Walter Edmond Clyde Todd (1932), p. 10.
  7. ^ Outram Bangs (1898), p. 160.
  8. ↑ Walter Edmond Clyde Todd (1932), pp. 9-10.
  9. ↑ Osbert Salvin et al. a. (1880), p. 91.
  10. ^ A b Jean Louis Cabanis, p. 79.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 344.
  12. ↑ a b James A. Jobling, p. 198.
  13. ↑ a b James A. Jobling, p. 206.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 217.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Cabanis categorized the Corayazaunig ( Pheugopedius coraya ) in the new genus.
  2. ↑ For the history of the publication see Edward Clive Dickinson u. a. Pp. 80-81.