Corayaz Wren

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Corayaz Wren
Pheugopedius coraya - Coraya wren.JPG

Corayazaun king ( Pheugopedius coraya )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Pheugopedius
Type : Corayaz Wren
Scientific name
Pheugopedius coraya
( Gmelin, JF , 1789)

The Corayazaunkönig ( Pheugopedius coraya ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) in Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana , Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Brazil is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The Corayazaunig reaches a body length of approx. 16.5 cm with a weight of approx. 23.8 g. The face including the reins and the ear covers are variably black with white speckles and white stripes over the eyes . The top of the head is blackish brown, the top is deep reddish brown, with the rump appearing paler and more reddish. The wings of the hand and the arm-wings are grayer than the back, the control feathers are brownish black with light gray-brown bands. The chin and throat are white, the chest yellow-brown, which turns yellow-brown on the belly. The under tail-coverts are reddish brown with black stripes. The eyes are brown to orange-brown, the beak blackish with a gray base and the legs bluish gray. Both sexes are similar. Young animals are distinguished by the matt blackish gray face with indistinct white markings. The back and rump are less reddish. The throat and chest are dull gray in color, the warm colors of the abdomen are less present. The iris is grayish brown.

Behavior and nutrition

When examining the stomach contents of Corayazaunks, spiders , beetles and grasshoppers were discovered. Some seeds were also found. He looks for his food in the strata from the ground to a few meters above the ground. Occasionally he mingles with groups of ant birds .

Vocalizations

The singing of the Corayazaunigs takes place by both sexes in a duet. It is a loud, extensive and variable medley of bubbles and whistles. The sounds contain characteristic tschidip tschidip tschoopi tones.

Reproduction

Little is known about the breeding biology of the Corayazaun king. Two nests have been described. Breeding activity appears to exist in the Guyanas most of the year. Eggs were discovered there on February 25th, new nestlings from mid-January to late April, nest building from mid-July and an occupied nest in late September. The nest is built by both sexes and is an oval ball made of twigs and dead leaves. One was built in a bush and the other on a mossy stump about three to four meters above the ground. The clutch consisted of two eggs that were pink in color with fine dark spots, especially on the thick end.

distribution and habitat

The Corayazaun king prefers moist forests and secondary vegetation , especially on river banks. This also includes Várzea and Terra Firme landscapes. In general, he is on the move in the lowlands at altitudes from sea level to 500 meters. It occurs locally up to 1850 meters. Occasionally he can be found at the tepuis of Venezuela up to 2400 meters.

migration

It is believed that the Coraya Wren is a resident bird .

Subspecies

Ten subspecies are known.

  • Pheugopedius coraya obscurus ( Zimmer, JT & Phelps , 1947) occurs in eastern Venezuela. This subspecies is similar to P. c. caurensis , but has a more reddish top.
  • Pheugopedius coraya caurensis ( from Berlepsch & Hartert, E , 1902) is distributed in eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil. This subspecies is similar to P. c. griseipectus is lighter on the flanks.
  • Pheugopedius coraya barrowcloughianus ( Aveledo & Perez , 1994) occurs in the southeast of Venezuela. This subspecies has a light chestnut colored top.
  • Pheugopedius coraya ridgwayi ( von Berlepsch , 1889) is common in northeastern and eastern Venezuela and western Guyana. This subspecies has a deep ocher to light brown underside.
  • Pheugopedius coraya coraya ( Gmelin, JF , 1789) occurs in Guyana, Suriname , French Guiana, and northern Brazil.
  • Pheugopedius coraya herberti ( Ridgway , 1888) is distributed in northeastern Brazil to south of the Amazon . This subspecies is clearly blacker on the sides of the face and the under tail-coverts show no stripes.
  • Pheugopedius coraya griseipectus ( Sharpe , 1882) occurs in eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru and western Brazil. This subspecies has a light reddish upper side and dark reddish brown sides.
  • Pheugopedius coraya amazonicus ( Sharpe , 1882) is widespread in eastern Peru. This subspecies is similar to the nominate form , but is lighter and less chestnut colored on top. The flanks are also less reddish.
  • Pheugopedius coraya albiventris ( Taczanowski , 1882) occurs in northern Peru. This subspecies is almost white in the center of the chest and belly. In addition, the brown on the flanks is reduced.
  • Pheugopedius coraya cantator ( Taczanowski , 1874) is widespread in central Peru. This subspecies is similar to P. c. amazonicus , but the over-eye stripe is reduced and the white speckles on the head sides are missing. The ear covers are completely black. The tail bands are light cinnamon brown.

Etymology and history of research

Fire- eye ant bird and coraya wren (Plate 701) in Buffon

The first description of the Corayazaun king was in 1789 by Johann Friedrich Gmelin under the scientific name Turdus coraya . The type specimen was derived from Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon Art Le Coroya . As early as 1851, Jean Louis Cabanis introduced the genus Pheugopedius, which was new to science . This name is derived from "pheugō φευγω " for "avoid, flee" and "pedion, pedon πεδιον, πεδον " for "open land, ground". The species name »coraya« is derived from the French »queue rayée«. »Ridgwayi« is dedicated to Robert Ridgway , »barrowcloughianus« to  George Francis Barrowclough (born 1948) and »herberti« to  Herbert Ashley Riker (1854–1937). "Obscurus" is the Latin word for "dark". »Caurensis« refers to the Río Caura , »amazonicus« to the Amazon. »Griseipectus« is a combination of »griseum« for »gray« and »pectus, pectoris« for »breast«, »albiventris« from »albus« for »white« and »venter, ventris« for »belly«. "Cantator, cantatoris" is the Latin word for "singer" from "cantare" for "to sing".

literature

  • Ramón Aveledo Hostos, Luis A. Pérez Chinchilla: Descripcion de nueve subespecies nuevas y comentarios sobre dos especies de aves de Venezuela . In: Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales . tape 44 , no. 148 , 1994, pp. 229-257 .
  • Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon: Histoire naturelle des oiseaux. tape 4 . l'Imprimerie royale, Paris 1778 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
  • Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch: Systematic directory of the bird hides collected by Mr. Gustav Garlepp in Brazil and northern Peru, in the area of ​​the upper Amazon . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 37 , no. 187 , 1889, pp. 289-321 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch, Ernst Hartert: On the Birds of the Orinoco region . In: Novitates Zoologicae . tape 9 , no. 1 , 1902, pp. 1-135 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jean Louis Cabanis: Museum Heineanum Directory of the ornithological collection of the Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine at Gut St. Burchard in front of Halberstatdt. With critical comments and a description of the new species, systematically edited by Dr. Jean Cabanis, first custodian of the Royal Zoological Collection in Berlin and Ferdinand Heine, student philosopher volume 1 . R. Frantz, Halberstadt 1850 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1850–1851).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson , Leslie K. Overstreet, Robert Jack Dowsett, Murray Duncan Bruce: Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology . Aves Press Limited, Northampton 2012, ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5 .
  • Johann Friedrich Gmelin: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . tape 1 , no. 2 . Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig 1789 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer, Guy Maxwell Kirwan in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Coraya Wren (Pheugopedius coraya) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Robert Ridgway: Descriptions of new species and genera of birds from the lower Amazon . In: Proceedings of the United States National Museum . tape 10 , 1888, p. 516-528 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1887).
  • Richard Bowdler Sharpe: Catalog of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds in the collection of the British Museum . tape 6 . Order of the Trustees, London 1882 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1881).
  • Władysław Taczanowski: Description of the oiseaux nouveaux de Pérou central . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1874 . 1874, p. 129-140 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Władysław Taczanowski: List of Oiseaux recueillis au Nord da Perou par MM. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1882 . No. 1 , 1882, p. 2-49 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Todd Zimmer, William Henry Phelps: Seven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil . In: American Museum novitates . No. 1338 , 1947, pp. 1–7 (English, digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 973 kB ]).

Web links

Commons : Corayazaunig ( Pheugopedius coraya )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ↑ John Todd Zimmer et al. a. (1947), p. 6.
  4. ↑ a b Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch (1902) a. a., pp. 7-8.
  5. ↑ a b Ramón Aveledo Hostos (1994) and a., p. 245.
  6. ^ A b Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch (1889), p. 293.
  7. ^ A b Johann Friedrich Gmelin (1789), p. 825.
  8. ↑ a b Robert Ridgway (1888), pp. 516-517.
  9. ↑ a b Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1882), pp. 220 & 236, plate 15, Figure 2.
  10. ^ Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1882), pp. 220 & 235–236, plate 15, Figure 1.
  11. ^ Władysław Taczanowski (1882), p. 5.
  12. ^ Władysław Taczanowski (1874), p. 130.
  13. ↑ Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon, p. 484, plate 701, Figure 1.
  14. ^ A b Jean Louis Cabanis, p. 79.
  15. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 119.
  16. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 278.
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 178.
  18. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 39.
  19. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 89.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Cabanis categorized the Corayazaunig ( Pheugopedius coraya ) in the new genus.
  2. ↑ For the history of the publication see Edward Clive Dickinson u. a. Pp. 80-81.
  3. ↑ Buffon wrote: Nous l'avons ainsi nommé parce qu'il a la queue rayée transversalement de noirâtre .