Inflection paradigm (also: word paradigm ) comprises all actually realized word forms of a lexeme that are grammatically provided by the respective language . The paradigm is considered an abstraction of filled paradigms of the lemmas of the same part of speech . The set of forms of a word in a paradigm together form a declination or conjugation pattern . In the Indo-European languages, many grammatical categories do not have different word forms.
The New High German lexeme tree has an inflection paradigm with eight inflected forms and six different word forms, two of which are variants (double forms in the Gen. Sg. And Dat. Sg.). Of these, only the word forms Baum and Baumes ( genitive singular ), Baume (variant of the dative singular) and trees (dative plural ) are grammatically clear. Such a grammatical underdetermination of the word forms is called syncretism .
Pronouns : inflected according to case, number and gender
Article : inflected according to case, number and gender
Adjectives : inflectable according to case, number, gender, and comparable
Verbs : inflected according to person, number, mode, tense and diathesis
Inflection class
As Inflection can be put together all the stems, which follows the same pattern of a paradigm inflect . An inflection class thus has the same filling of a paradigm. For example, German has a paradigm for nouns, but this can be filled in eight different ways. So we have eight different inflection classes for nouns.
Noun paradigms
The noun paradigm in German contains eight positions. Four for the four cases in the singular and four for those in the plural. In every paradigm there are so-called syncretisms (coincidence of forms). The eight inflectional classes of nouns in German are listed below:
Hadumod Bußmann (Ed.) With the collaboration of Hartmut Lauffer: Lexikon der Sprachwissenschaft. 4th, revised and bibliographically supplemented edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-520-45204-7 .
↑ "A word form is often ambiguous with regard to its grammatical function specific to the word form, which means that it can represent different categories of one and the same categorization" (Marek Konopka in grammis 2.0 ). In the section Lexeme and word form of the Duden grammar (8th edition, margin no. 193; Peter Gallmann ) it is pointed out that words and word forms can be counted quite differently.
↑ In special cases, verbs can also be inflected according to gender , e.g. B. Latin. amātae essent 3rd pl. fem. subjunctive past perfect passive 'they (= at least two female persons, in the case of grammatical gender also objects) would have been loved'.
