Folquet de Marselha

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Folquet de Marselha (from Bibliothèque Nationale MS12473, 13th century)

Folquet de Marselha (German: Folquet and Fulko von Marseille , French: Fo (u) lquet de Marseille , Italian: Folco and Folchetto di Marsiglia , English. Folc and Folquet of Marseille ; * around 1150 ; † December 25, 1231 ) was a troubadour , after 1195 abbot of Le Thoronet and 1206-1231 bishop in Toulouse .

Life

As a trobador, he had contacts from 1170 to Raimund-Gottfried II of Marseille , Richard I , Raimund V of Toulouse (1134-1194), Raimund Roger of Foix , Alfons II of Aragon and William VIII of Montpellier . He was married and had two sons. He was a Cistercian , was elected bishop in 1205 and as such supported the establishment of a convent for converted Cathar women by Diego de Acebo and Domingo de Guzmán (Saint Dominic) in Prouille in 1206/1207 .

He was buried next to William VII of Montpellier in Grandselves Abbey .

Friedrich von Hausen imitated a song by him.

At least one double sheet from his troubadour manuscript has survived.

Mill without water

Pierre Aubry , one of the pioneers in the study and editing of the musical compositions of the trobadors, in 1909 cited a maxim which he believed “in an old troubadour, Folquet de Marseille, to reinforce the close connection between the poetry and music of the trobadors I, ”thought that I had found that“ the verse without the music is a mill without water ”. This dictum has since taken on the character of a winged word that circulates in different variants, in the form of "a verse" or "a song" ("  une chanson  ", " a song ") or "a poem" (" a poem ") ) “Without music” is “like a mill” without water or “without wind”, which is then mostly still attributed to Folquet or an unknown trobador. In fact, this saying does not come from Folquet, but from another, comparatively less well-known trobador from Marseille, Bertran Carbonel :

Cobla ses so es enaissi
Co · l molis que aiga non a;
Per que fai mal qui cobla fa
Si son non li don 'atressi;
C'om non a gaug pas del moli
Mas per la moutura que n tra.
A verse without a melody is like this
like the mill that has no water;
that's why it makes bad who makes a verse,
if he doesn't give her a melody too;
because you don't enjoy a mill
unless because of the grind you get from her.

Critical Editions

  • Paolo Squillacioti: Le poesie di Folchetto di Marsiglia. Pacini, Pisa 1999 (= Biblioteca degli Studi Mediolatini e Volgari, nuova serie, 15).
  • Paolo Squillacioti: Folquet de Marselha: Poetry. Carocci, Rome 2003 (= Biblioteca Medievale, 86) [With a new introduction and improvements in the text compared to Squillacioti 1999].
  • Stanislaw Stronski: Le troubadour Folquet De Marseille. Academy of Sciences, Cracow 1910.

literature

  • Nancy Ellen Washer: "Los motz el so": Words, Melody, and their Interaction Words, Melody, and Their Interaction in the Songs of Folquet de Marseille. Dissertation, Louisiana State University, 2002: PDF, 4,644 kB .
  • Patrice Cabau: Les évêques de Toulouse (IIIe-XIVe siècles) et les lieux de leur sépulture. In: Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Midi de la France 59 (1999), pp. 123-162, pp. 154-156 online .

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Pierre Aubry: Trouvères et troubadours. Paris: F. Alcan, Paris 1909, p. 214: “Il est impossible à qui que ce soit d'avoir une compréhension complète de l'oeuvre lyrique des troubadours et des trouvères, si l'on ne fait entrer en ligne de compte l'élément mélodique qu'elle comporte. Il manquera toujours quelque chose aux plus savantes recherches des philologues. Les historiens de la littérature auront aussi une part d'inconnu dans leurs travaux, alsi longtemps qu'ils oublieront cette maxime d'un vieux troubadour, Folquet de Marseille, je crois: «La strophe sans la musique est un moulin sans eau» " . Cf. Bédier in his introduction to Joseph Bédier, Pierre Aubry (ed.): La chanson de croisade. Champion, Paris 1909, p. XVII: "  Je cède ici la plume à M. Pierre Aubry, qui s'est chargé de publier les mélodies de ces chansons:" La strophe sans musique, a dit un troubadour, est un moulin sans eau ».  »
  2. ^ Karl-Heinrich Wörner: History of Music. 4th edition, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1965, p. 99; Pierre Aubry: Trouvères and troubadours: a popular treatise. Translated by Claude Aveling. Cooper Square Publishers, New York 1969, p. 170 (“ if they forget the aphorism of the old troubadour, Folquet of Marseilles, 'A verse without music is a mill without water' ”); Nicolò Maccavino: Il primo libro delle vilanelle alla napolitana di Sigismondo d'India, "nobile palermitano". In: Maria Paola Borsetta, Annunziato Pugliese (ed.): Villanella, Napolitana, Canzonetta: relazione tra Gasparo Fiorino, compositori calabresi e scuole italiane del Cinquecento. Istituto di Bibliografia Musicale Calabrese, Vibo Valentia 1999, pp. 243-258, p. 243
  3. ↑ Claude Perrus: You Chant à l'écriture. La poésie italienne des origines au XIVe siècle. In: Atalaya - Revue française d'études médiévales hispaniques 2 (1991), pp. 11-19, p. 12; Robert Stephen Briffault: The troubadours. Translated by the same, ed. by Lawrence F. Koons, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 1965, p. 74
  4. ^ Wladyslaw Tatarkiewicz: History of Aesthetics. Volume II. Mouton, Paris [u. a.] 1970, p. 115
  5. ^ Jean Maillard: Bilan d'un trésor mélodique. (1970). In: ders .: Jean Maillard, médiéviste, musicologue, professeur: reflets de son oeuvre. Société de musicologie de Languedoc, Béziers 1987, pp. 161-186, p. 164
  6. ^ Alfred Jeanroy: Les "coblas" de Bertran Carbonel. In: Annales du Midi 25 (1913), pp. 137-188, p. 176 No. LXV
personal data
SURNAME Folquet de Marselha
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Folquet of Marseilles; Fulk of Marseille
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Abbot, bishop and trobador
DATE OF BIRTH around 1150
DATE OF DEATH December 25, 1231