Locomotion

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Locomotion generally denotes the movement of objects with the aim or the result of the change in location . What is meant is mostly the change of location by one's own strength. So it is a phenomenon of spatial mobility .

In the context of biology, locomotion , here also called locomotion , generally refers to the active movement of biological individuals ( living beings ), which results in a change of location. A distinction is made between locomotion and motor skills , the ability of the organism to move (see also locomotor skills ) and taxis , the orientation response of living beings.

Human locomotion, however, often takes place with the help of aids (e.g. when driving with vehicles and flying ), sometimes still under one's own power ( bicycle , roller skates or ice skates ), sometimes external drives are used (motors, animals, exploitation of wind Etc.). The latter is the case when riding , using draft animals , driving cars or using conveyor systems (conveyor belts, escalators, elevators).

physiology

In biology , locomotion refers to the active movement of an individual from place to place under his own power, driven by suitable movement of limbs or other anatomical parts. Forms of locomotion are, for example, running , walking , climbing , dangling, crawling , crawling , swimming and flying . Important forms of locomotion are about bipedalism (bipedal gait) and quadrupedalism (quadrupedal gait).

Yilingia spiciformis is considered to be the earliest known non-microscopic living being that could move .

With the physical activity of man, the general busy Kinesik .

Bionic aspects

Lokomotion is currently one of the most studied research areas in bionics . Numerous forms of locomotion are currently being investigated. The flapping flight of the birds is not yet fully understood. For unmanned, flying drones, however, this form of locomotion is extremely interesting. Drones, based on insects as a model , would be extremely manoeuvrable and could easily reach inaccessible places (e.g. houses). If a large bird is chosen as a model, then drones could be constructed with extreme energetic efficiency. Fish can be role models for energy-saving diving robots ( submarines ). Here, too, nature offers several options: Tuna are extremely fast, but the agility is relatively low. Fish that inhabit coral reefs have a slow speed but are highly maneuverable (they must be able to swim easily between the corals). Depending on the desired technical application, a corresponding model can be used.

literature

  • Gordon M. Shepherd: Neurobiology. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 1988, ISBN 978-3-540-55596-4 .
  • Peter Thiergen: Upright gait and lying down. Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-7696-1655-2 .
  • W. Berger, V. Dietz, A. Hufschmidt, R. Jung, K.-H. Mauritz, D. Schmidtbleicher: Posture and movement in humans. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 1984, ISBN 978-3-642-47521-4 .

Web links

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ancient worm fossil rolls back origins of animal life. Retrieved October 8, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Urs Willmann: Let's go. Retrieved October 8, 2019 .