Frame analysis

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The term frame analysis (Engl. Frame analysis , in dt. Also frame analysis ) is a socio- cognitive approach of Erving Goffman from 1974 back. Frames are therefore interpretation schemes that enable the individual as an organizational principle for everyday experiences to categorize and interpret social occurrences and events . The individual thus selectively answers the question of what the object of his observation is about without developing his own position on it. The sociological investigation of these schemes is called frame analysis.

Overview of the terms and concepts in sociology

In the meantime, a number of sociological methods are called "frame analysis" that do not necessarily refer to Goffman or use their own terms instead of the term frame . Christian Roesler and Rainer Winter speak of “framing”. Winter also from "Interpretation Schemes"; Peter Hühn speaks of "situation schemes ", Gerhard and Rössel of interpretation patterns , Schmidke and Eder and Friedhelm Neidhardt and Ruch of "collective meaning patterns ".

Frames as patterns of interpretation

According to Myra Marx Ferree , frames can be represented on the basis of the translation of the term in the sense of picture frames with regard to two principles. First, a frame is used to distinguish between outside = unimportant and inside = important . Here, the approach touches on conceptions of system boundaries in systems theory , but a frame on the second level provides structures and patterns that point to things that lie behind the picture. Pamela Oliver and Hank Johnston examine ideological positions that are stored in a frame. Interpretation pattern analysis focuses on the question of how meanings are organized in a frame. Frames can help ensure that a certain event can or should be viewed semantically or normatively in a certain context.

Frames as enemy images

An analysis of solidified frames (Van Dijk, Wodak) can make it clear, comparable to stereotypes , that certain socio-cognitive attitudes lead to images of the enemy .

Framework analysis at Erving Goffman

For Goffman , framework analysis means analyzing the organization of everyday experiences. The aim of this analysis is

"To identify some of the basic frameworks available in our society for understanding events and to analyze their particular weak points"

Based on Gregory Bateson , he understands a framework to be those organizational principles according to which a situation is established for (social) events and the type of participation in these definitions. There are patterns of interpretation or interpretation schemes that turn otherwise senseless aspects of a scene into something meaningful. In this way, frames enable “the localization, perception, identification and naming of an apparently unlimited number of concrete incidents that are defined in terms of the frame.” Depending on the frame in which an event is set, it has a different meaning.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erving Goffman (1974): Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. New York.
  2. ↑ See Thomas König 2003.
  3. ^ Christian Roesler (2001) / Rainer Winter 2003
  4. ↑ , Hühn / Kiefer / Schönert / Stein 2003
  5. ↑ Klaus Eder / Oliver Schmidtke 1998
  6. ↑ Friedhelm Neidhardt / Christiane Eilders / Barbara Pfetsch (1998)
  7. ↑ See Thomas König 2003.
  8. ↑ Martindale-Bascom Professor of Sociology and Director of the Center for German and European Studies at the University of Wisconsin u. a., Interpretations of the frame as an interpretation pattern , 2002
  9. ^ Myra Marx Ferree / William A. Gamson / Dieter Rucht / Jürgen Gerhards 2002
  10. ↑ Oliver / Johnston 2000
  11. ↑ See Peter Ullrich (2005) in Hyacinthe Ondoa / Snow, Benford Worden, Rocheford (1986).
  12. ^ Teun A. van Dijk: Racism and the media in Spain. In .: Siegfried Jäger & Dirk Halm (eds.) (2007). Media barriers? Racism as an obstacle to integration. Muenster. - Wodak, Ruth (2007). Review of: Siegfried Jäger & Dirk Halm (Eds.) (2007). Media barriers? Racism as an obstacle to integration [14 paragraphs]. Forum Qualitative Social Research / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 9 (1), Art. 22, ( online ).
  13. ↑ E. Goffman, Framework Analysis. An experiment on the organization of everyday experiences (1974) p. 18.
  14. ↑ E. Goffman, Framework Analysis. An experiment on the organization of everyday experiences (1974) p. 31.

literature

  • Erving Goffman (1977): Framework Analysis. An attempt on the organization of everyday experiences. Frankfurt / M.
  • Erving Goffman (1974): Frame Analysis : An Essay on the Organization of Experience. New York.
  • Peter Hühn / Jens Kiefer / Jörg Schönert / Malte Stein (2003): Narratological glossary of terms. [1] . October 3, 2003.
  • Teun A. van Dijk : Racism and the media in Spain. In .: Siegfried Jäger & Dirk Halm (eds.) (2007). Media barriers? Racism as an obstacle to integration. Muenster. ISBN 978-3-89771-742-8 (Wodak review: [2] )
  • Christian Roesler (2001): Individual Identity Constitution and Collective Patterns of Creation of Meaning: Narrative Identity Constructions in the Life Stories of the Chronically Ill and Disabled and the Significance of Cultural Meaning Offers, Doctoral Dissertation, Freiburg: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität zu Freiburg i. Br., 2001.
  • Hubert Knoblauch : Erving Goffman. In: Stephan Moebius & Dirk Quadflieg (Hg): Culture. Present theories. VS - Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2006. ISBN 3-531-14519-3 .
  • Jürgen Link (1983): Elementary literature and generative discourse analysis, Munich: Fink.
  • Friedhelm Neidhardt , Christiane Eilders , Barbara Pfetsch (1998): The Voice of the Media in the Political Process: Issues and Opinions in Press Comments. Berlin, Berlin Science Center for Social Research 1998.
  • Jürgen Gerhards / Jörg Rössel (2000): Actors, Interests and Interpretation Patterns: A Cultural Sociological Analysis of the Debate on Equal Suffrage in Prussia (1890-1918), Sociologia Internationalis 38 (2000).
  • Klaus Eder / Oliver Schmidtke (1998): Ethnic mobilization and the logic of identity struggles, Zeitschrift für Soziologie 27: 418-437 (1998).
  • Myra Marx Ferree, William Anthony Gamson , Dieter Rucht and Jürgen Gerhards (2002): Shaping Abortion Discourse: Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and the United States. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Friedhelm Neidhardt / Dieter Rucht, On the way to a 'society of movement'? On the Stability of Social Movements, Social World 44: 305-326 (1993).
  • Pamela Oliver / Hank Johnston (2000): What a good Idea! Ideology and Frames in Social Movement Research. In: Mobilization 5/1.
  • Hyacinthe Ondoa (ed.) (2005): Identity and intercultural relationships. Leipzig.
  • David A. Snow / Burk Rochford Jr. / Steven K. Worden / Robert D. Benford (1986): Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization and Movement Participation, American Sociological Review 51.
  • Herbert Willems: Frame and Habitus. On the theoretical and methodological approach by Erving Goffmans, Suhrkamp-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1997. ISBN 3-518-28919-5
  • Rainer Winter (2000): The hope for sex. On the construction of reality in Big Brother, medien Praxis TEXTE 3: 61-66 (2000), [3] , Oct. 3, 2003.
  • Peter Ullrich (2005): Integration without identification? Identity and framing of a protest mobilization critical of globalization. In: Hyacinthe Ondoa (ed.): Identity and intercultural relationships. Leipzig.