François Delsarte
François-Alexandre-Nicolas-Chéri Delsarte (born November 11, 1811 in Solesmes , † July 20, 1871 in Paris ) was a French speaker teacher , movement pedagogue and founder of the Delsarte system .
Life
François Delsarte began an apprenticeship as a porcelain painter as an orphan . After receiving a scholarship, he received vocal training. He studied at the Conservatoire de Paris from 1825 to 1829 . He then worked as a tenor at the Opéra-Comique . However, he overexerted his voice, which forced him to quit and to rethink his acting training. Delsarte became more and more interested in the connections between language, music and movement, and between sensation and physical expression. He became a reformer of the technically highly developed, but in some places considered unnatural stage arts of his time. He wanted to base the training of actors and singers on observations of everyday behavior rather than on the study of techniques. In addition, Delsarte tried to find a scientific basis for his methodology. This made him the forerunner of naturalism in the theater.
From 1839 Delsarte held its Cours d'esthétique appliquée , which was attended by well-known stage artists such as Henriette Sontag . The fact that the actress Rachel (who tried to find a natural, less traditional expression on the stage of the Comédie-Française ) was his pupil has proven to be a legend. Delsarte believed that stage actors could use certain postures to get an authentic feeling and an appropriate expression for their role . In later years, however, his teaching was often misunderstood as a guide to melodramatic posing.
reception
At first Delsarte was considered a rhetoric teacher and drama teacher; Its formative influence, the reforms of stage dance around 1900 and expressive dance, is known to this day : Through the mediation of his assistant Steele MacKaye , Delsartes teaching methods became known in the USA from 1871 as a kind of gymnastics ( Delsartism ). Successors such as Émile Jaques-Dalcroze and Ruth St. Denis followed up on the Delsarte system . It had a lasting influence on avant-garde stage dance (e.g. Isadora Duncan ) as well as modern music and movement pedagogy ( rhythmic education , eurythmy and the Alexander technique ).
The so-called biomechanics of the director Vsevolod Emiljewitsch Meyerhold , in turn, relied on methods from Delsarte.
Student (selection)
literature
- Angélique Arnaud: François Del Sarte, ses découvertes en esthétique, sa science, sa méthode . Delagrave, Paris 1882.
- Ted Shawn: Every Little Movement. A Book About François Delsarte, the Man and His Philosophy, His Science and Applied Aesthetics, the Application of This Science . Dance Horizons, Princeton NJ 1975, ISBN 0-87127-015-3
- Carole Rambaud (Ed.): François Delsarte. 1811–1871, sources, pensée . TNDI, Châteauvallon, 1991, ISBN 2-9503858-2-6 , (Exhibition catalog: Musée d'Art, d'Histoire et d'Archéologie, Toulon, March 21 - May 14, 1991)
- Nancy Lee Chalfa Ruyter: The Cultivation of Body and Mind in Nineteenth-Century American Delsartism . Greenwood Press, Westport CT et al. 1999, ISBN 0-313-31042-4 , ( Contributions to the Study of Music and Dance 56)
Web links
- Francois Delsarte. Maria del Pilar, accessed November 17, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marc Lacheny: Signs of Reference: François Delsarte in relation to Rachel and Frédérick Lemaître , in: Mathias Spohr (Ed.): Tanz derzeichen. 200 years of François Delsarte, Narr Verlag, Tübingen 2013, pp. 265–276.
- ^ Ludwig Eisenberg : Large biographical lexicon of the German stage in the XIX. Century . Verlag von Paul List , Leipzig 1903, p. 380, ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Delsarte, François |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Delsarte, François-Alexandre-Nicolas-Chéri (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French singer, dance teacher and ballet reformer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 11, 1811 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Solesmes |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 20, 1871 |
| Place of death | Paris |