Franzischak Bahuschewitsch

Franzischak Bahuschewitsch

Francišak Bahuševič , Belarusian Францішак Бенедыкт Казіміравіч Багушэвіч , pseudonyms: Мацей Бурачок and Сымон Рэўка з-пад Барысава (* 21st March 1840 in Vilnius ; † 28. April 1900 in Smarhon ) was a Belarusian poet, writer and translator.

biography

He was the pioneer of realism in Belarusian literature, so he had made a significant contribution to the national character and self-image of the national culture.

Bahuschewitsch attended the local grammar school in Vilnius, after which he began studying mathematics and physics in 1861 at the State University of Saint Petersburg . However, he was expelled from that course after two months because he did not follow the rules of the university institution. Following this event, he returned to his home village and worked as a teacher at Dotishki Elementary School.

In 1863 and 1864 he took an active part in the revolutionary uprisings in the woods of August and later moved to Ukraine because of those riots.

In 1865 he began a new course at the law faculty of the Lyceum in Nischyn . When he finished in 1868 he worked as a lawyer for various employers in the Ukraine.

In 1874 he married Gabrielle Shklenikav in Minsk.

With the coronation of Emperor Alexander III. he became part of a comprehensive amnesty and returned with his wife to Vilnius and worked there again as a lawyer.

With this return began his creative phase.

In 1898 Bahuschewitsch ended his career because of health problems and moved to a village called Kushliany, where he also died in 1900. His coffin was carried by farmers and the memorial wreath bore the inscription "For the farmer's friend", they placed a violin and a flute on his grave.

Publications

• 1891 collection of poems "Belarusian Dudka" in Cracow under the pseudonym Maciej Burachok
• 1892 story "Tralyalenachka" in Cracow (pseudonym: Maciej Burachok)
• 1894 collection of poems "Smyk Belarus" in Poznan (pseudonym: Symon Rovka iz pod Baryzova)
• 1886-1891 he also wrote under a pseudonym for the St. Petersburg newspaper "Kraj"
• In 1899 "Belarusian Stories Burachok" was supposed to be published, but it was banned under the censorship of the Tsar

Savičiūnai, Lithuania

Savičiūnai, Lithuania

Svironys, Lithuania

Artistic character

All of his artistic activities were on the theme of the struggle for the national revival of Belarusian. He was the representative of the peasantry and thus achieved a great influence on the course of future Belarusian literature.

His poetic work is closely connected with the folk song and is subject to the gentle mood of mourning from the difficult fate of the people of that time, he also criticizes the carefree life of the nobility.

Artistic creation

• 1891 poetry collection "Belarusian Dudka"

This collection of poems contained a foreword in which the most important national questions were asked for the first time. The assertion about the existence of the Belarusian language is made and with it your right to develop on an equal footing with the other languages. In addition, the foreword refers politically against the Tsar and his leadership. However, he never named the political opponents under attack by name, but spoke in stereotypical images and ideas of the rural character, in rural Belarusian. In this volume of poems he represents the word of the people, for him it was more than the object of his art and so he consciously referred to the entire peasantry and equally in general to the disadvantaged masses. Franzischak Bahuschewitsch proves that the Belarusian language is able to express every thought and every feeling. He calls on people to learn their own national language and to develop Belarusian literature. However, this appeal is not to be understood nationalistically, but meant to mark the importance of one's own (people) language acquisition. It suggests that it was the reason for publishing these poems.

• 1894 collection of poems "Smyk Belarus"

This volume also deals with the awareness of the Belarusian language and with the truthful representation of peasant life. The opaque and complicated social situation in the country is brought to the fore. However, the love of the country should be promoted. The impoverishment awakens new vitality in the heroes of his poems, and their defeat does not represent the victory of the ruling power, but an ongoing struggle for justice. Hunger, hardship and indiscriminate state power shape the poems taken from real life, which for a long time led to the censorship of works.

Complainant motives

Franzischak Bahuschewitsch uses the realistic representation of life and Belarusian nature, but since the life of the farmers is very worrisome and unrewarded despite a lot of work and effort, his poems have a desolate, plaintive motif.

The one-sidedness and poverty are recurring, and divine injustice is also discussed: “God shares unjustly”, the farmers are often depicted with a dirty, crumbling shell. House, yard and clothes look worn out, the wind whistles through the walls, but inside the nature of the described peasantry is content and frugal. Their suffering from lawlessness intensifies with the lack of education, the truth seems to be absent in their world and the law - cruel. Nature alone maintains the beautiful and varied facets of Belarusian life.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Их именами названы…: Энциклопедический справочник / Редкол .: И. П. Шамякин (гл. Ред.) И др. БелСЭ, Минск 1987, pp. 80–84.
2. ^ Ferdinand Neureiter: Belarusian anthology. Munich 1983, p. 30.
3. ↑ Белорусские 1963: Белорусские поэты ХIХ - начала ХХ века, Москва - Ленинград 1963, pp. 17-30.
4. ↑ E. Karskij: History of Belarusian folk poetry and literature. (= Outline of Slavic Philology and Cultural History. Volume 2). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and Leipzig 1926, pp. 149–151.