Nischyn
Nischyn | ||
Ніжин | ||
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Basic data | ||
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Oblast : | Chernihiv Oblast | |
Rajon : | District-free city | |
Height : | no information | |
Area : | 43 km² | |
Residents : | 75,469 (January 1, 2006) | |
Population density : | 1,755 inhabitants per km² | |
Postcodes : | 16600 | |
Area code : | +380 231 | |
Geographic location : | 51 ° 3 ' N , 31 ° 53' E | |
KOATUU : | 7410400000 | |
Administrative structure : | 1 city | |
Address: | пл. Леніна 1 16600 м. Ніжин |
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Website : | http://nizhyn.osp-ua.info/index.php | |
Statistical information | ||
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Nischyn ( Ukrainian Ніжин ; Russian Нежин Neschin , Polish Nieżyn ) is a city in Chernihiv Oblast of Ukraine and the center of the Nischyn Rajon of the same name (but administratively not part of the same). The city lies on the banks of the Oster River .
history
The area with the name Neschatinna Niwa (= unharvested field ) was mentioned as early as 1078. The city was first mentioned under the name Unenesch in 1147 in the Hypatius Chronicle . After being destroyed in the Mongol storm in 1239 , it recovered only slowly.
In the middle of the 14th century the place came under Lithuanian rule. The city was first mentioned under its current name in 1514 when a Cossack regiment was organized here . In the 17th and 18th centuries, thanks to its location on important trade routes, the place was able to develop into an important manufacture and trade center. In 1618 Nischyn fell to Poland through the Treaty of Deulino , and in 1625 the town received Magdeburg city rights .
Under the Cossack rule, the place became the seat of a Cossack pulk in 1648 . At this time a Greek trading colony was established in the city, which Bohdan Khmelnyzkyj received special privileges. In 1663 Ivan Brichowezky was elected ataman in Nischyn .
In 1667 Nischyn came to Tsarist Russia through the Treaty of Andrussowo , but the Cossack bunch continued to exist and was only dissolved in 1782 as part of an army reform. In 1696 the Greeks opened their own school, in 1785 the Greek community received its own administration. At this time, however, the place was already losing its importance as a trading point, as in the course of the conquest of southern Ukraine by the Russian Empire, the trade routes shifted south to the Black Sea. As a result, the Greek traders left the city for Odessa , Mariupol and Taganrog .
From 1802 Nischyn was a district town in the Chernigov governorate . In the 19th century the cultural importance of the city grew, to which in particular the Nischyn Gymnasium, founded in 1820 (from 1832: Lyceum, today: Pedagogical Institute), at which, among others, Oleksandr Afanassjew-Tschuschbynskyj , Antoni Andrzejowski , Pawel Axelrod , Friedrich Gelbcke , Nikolai contributed Gogol , Leonid Hlibow , Jewhen Hrebinka , Nestor Kukolnik , Wassyl Lyaskoronskyj , Apollon Mokrizki , Kapiton Pawlow , Petro Redkin , Nikolai Rennenkampff , Wiktor Sabila , Iwan Soshenko , Fyodor Stravinsky , Wassyl Tarnowskyj sen. , Mychajlo Tschalyj and Fedir Wowk studied or taught.
In 1868 a railway station was opened in Nischyn. Since the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, Nizhyn has belonged to Ukraine.
Population development
Development of the population (on January 1st)
- 2004 - 76,056
- 2005 - 75,648
- 2006 - 75,469
economy
The city is famous for its food specialties, such as marinated cucumbers and tomatoes, most of which are exported.
sons and daughters of the town
- John of Tobolsk (1651–1715), bishop and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church
- Juri Lisjanski (1773–1837), Russian naval officer and explorer
- Ivan Gorbachevsky (1800–1869), Decembrist
- Mykola Samokysch (1860–1944), painter
- George V. Wulff (1863–1925), Russian crystallographer
- Mani Leib (1883–1953), Yiddish writer
- Olga Chochlowa (1891–1955), Russian ballet dancer, first wife of Pablo Picasso from 1918 to 1935
- Jacques Companéez (1906–1956), French screenwriter
- Mark Bernes (1911–1969), actor and Estrada singer
- Igor Kaczurowskyj (1918–2013), poet, writer
- Timofei Dokschizer (1921–2005), trumpeter, conductor and composer
- Wiktor Lipsnis (1933–1997), shot putter
- Volodymyr Ihnatenko (* 1955), sprinter
- Schanna Block (* 1972), sprinter
- Andrij Wassyljuk (* 1987), road cyclist
Web links
- Nieżyn . In: Filip Sulimierski, Władysław Walewski (eds.): Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich . tape 7 : Netrebka – Perepiat . Walewskiego, Warsaw 1886, p. 144 (Polish, edu.pl ).